论司法证明中经验法则的双层内涵与核心特征  

On the Double Connotation and Core Characteristics of the Rule of Thumb in Judicial Proof

作　　者：王志坚 WANG Zhi-jian

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院 [2]最高人民检察院研究基地浙江大学检察基础理论研究中心

出　　处：《江苏警官学院学报》2024年第2期5-13,共9页Journal of Jiangsu Police Institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“刑事案件事实认定中的经验法则研究”(19BFX092);重庆市社会科学规划项目“重庆互联网金融犯罪的治理困境及其对策研究”(2023BS068);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：司法证明中经验法则的内涵应从两个层面界定:抽象意义上,经验法则是从过往经验事实中归纳抽象所得的,能够反映事物属性和事物间联系的知识或规律。具体适用时,经验法则的本质是法官主观认为可信的个性经验认识。经验法则的核心特征是确定性占主导的主观盖然性。鉴于双层内涵和盖然性特征,经验法则在司法证明中的运用逻辑是围绕“危险但必要”展开的。由此而言,经验法则虽被冠以“法则”之名,但并不具有法则之刚性效力,仅可作为法官认定案件事实的心证基础。sense,the rule of thumb is the knowledge or law derived from the past empirical facts,which can reflect the attributes of things and the relations between things.When applied concretely,the essence of the rule of thumb is the personal experience knowledge that the judge believes credibly subjectively.The core feature of the rule of thumb is subjective probability dominated by certainty.In view of the double content and probability characteristics,the logic of applying the rule of thumb in judicial proof revolves around"dangerous but necessary".Therefore,although the rule of thumb is called"law",it does not have the rigid effect of law,and can only be used as the basis for judges to determine the facts of a case.

关 键 词：经验法则 盖然性 主观盖然性 归纳推理 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]