国家文化对创业的影响:来自93个国家5年混合数据的证据  

The Effects of National Culture on Entrepreneurial Activity:Evidence from the 5-year Pooled Data from 93 Countries

作　　者：章晓洪 赵俊豪 Michael Gates ZHANG Xiaohong;ZHAO Junhao;Michael Gates

机构地区：[1]温州商学院,温州325000 [2]牛津大学赛德商学院,OX11HP

出　　处：《上海商学院学报》2024年第2期74-88,共15页Business Economic Review

摘　　要：本文基于全球创业观察(GEM)和Hofstede Insight两个国际数据库,试图从国家文化的维度来解释一国的创业活动。实证研究发现,不同维度的国家文化对创业活跃度存在显著的影响:权利距离和放纵文化对创业活跃度具有显著的正向作用,而个人主义对创业活跃度具有显著的负向作用。进一步的研究发现:国家文化主要通过影响创业态度进而影响创业活动,而且国家文化对创业的影响存在性别差异,不同文化维度对女性创业的活跃度影响更大。此外,本文还通过引入经济自由度做调节变量,实证发现经济自由度能够降低个人主义对创业活跃度的负向影响。Based on two international databases,Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM)and Hofstede Insights,this paper attempts to explain entrepreneurial activities in a country from different dimensions of national culture.The results show that different dimensions of national culture have different effects on entrepreneurial activity.Power distance and indulgence culture have significantly positive effect on entrepreneurial activity,while individualism has a significantly negative effect on entrepreneurial activity.Further research shows that:Firstly,the mechanism underlying the relationship between national culture and entrepreneurial activities is entrepreneurial attitude;secondly,there are gender differences in the influence of national culture on entrepreneurship,and different cultural dimensions have a greater impact on female entrepreneurship.In addition,by introducing economic freedom as a moderating variable,this paper empirically finds that economic freedom can reduce the negative impact of individualism on entrepreneurial activity.

关 键 词：国家文化 创业活跃度 创业态度 性别差异 经济自由度 

分 类 号：F279.1[经济管理—企业管理] G112[经济管理—国民经济]