危机情境下流动性冗余、双元创新与中小企业绩效的关系研究  

Research on the Relationship among Discretionary Slack,Ambidextrous Innovation and SMEs Performance in Crisis Context

作　　者：魏峰[1] 张惠淼 王艺霏 WEI Feng;ZHANG Huimiao;WANG Yifei(School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海年200092

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2024年第4期33-51,共19页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72272110)。

摘　　要：疫情和重大突发危机对于中小企业而言是一次生与死的重大考验。流动性冗余作为应对突发性危机的重要物质基础,是中小企业突破资源约束实现“危中寻机”的关键。因此,中小企业如何在危机情境下有效部署流动性冗余成为困扰业界的难题。然而,当前关于冗余效用及情境化研究不仅尚未从时间属性全面探讨特定类型冗余的绩效表现,也忽视了双元创新活动在其中的差异化传导机制。同时,相较于以往危机情境的“一次性、局域性、短暂性”冲击,冗余对新冠疫情此类大范围持续性危机的适用性仍需进一步验证。因此,应用资源基础观,以新冠疫情下的中小企业为研究对象,探讨了危机情境下流动性冗余影响中小企业长短期绩效的内在机理与边界条件。通过对159份中小企业的两时点调查数据进行实证研究,结果发现,在危机情境下:(1)流动性冗余对中小企业长、短期绩效具有显著的正向影响;(2)流动性冗余可通过开展探索式创新对中小企业的长、短期绩效产生促进作用,以及通过开展利用式创新对中小企业的长期绩效产生促进作用;(3)成长抱负在调节流动性冗余与探索式创新关系的同时,也调节了探索式创新在流动性冗余与中小企业长、短期绩效间的中介作用;(4)空间距离在调节流动性冗余与探索式创新关系的同时,也调节了探索式创新在流动性冗余与中小企业长、短期绩效的中介作用。最后,针对上述结论提出了中小企业在面对危机情境时如何利用流动性冗余开展创新以促进绩效方面的管理建议。In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic,small and medium enterprises(SMEs)have faced considerable challenges due to external factors such as diminished market demand and disrupted supply chain.These pressures are compounded by their internal resource constraints,compelling SMEs to effectively utilize their available slack resources in response to the ongoing crisis.Discretionary slack,an important type of organizational slack,plays a crucial role in maintaining business continuity and responding to external shocks,especially for SMEs.This form of slack resource can provide adaptability and flexibility for SMEs,allowing them to invest in innovation and explore new opportunities without jeopardizing their operations.However,our understanding of how resource-constrained SMEs leverage their limited discretionary slack effectively remains underdeveloped.Base on it,the research question of the study is to investigate how SMEs leverage their limited discretionary slack to engage in innovation and then improve performance in the context of crisis,such as the global Covid-19 pandemic.Drawing on the resource-based view,the study focused on discretionary slack,seeking to explore the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that affect the performance of SMEs.Utilizing a two-wave survey dataset from 159 Chinese SMEs collected during the Covid-19 pandemic,the study employed multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses,ultimately leading to the following conclusions:under the crisis situation,(1)discretionary slack is positively related to short-term and sustainability performance of SMEs;(2)Exploratory innovation mediates the effects of discretionary slack on both short-term and sustainability performance,while exploitative innovation mediates the effect of discretionary slack on sustainability performance of SMEs;(3)Growth aspiration not only moderates the relationship between discretionary slack and exploratory innovation,but also moderates the mediation path of exploratory innovation;(4)Geographical distan

关 键 词：流动性冗余 双元创新 中小企业 成长抱负 空间距离 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]