马铃薯早疫病病原菌分离鉴定及不同植物提取物、茵陈二炔酮抑菌活性研究  

Isolation and identification of pathogens of potato early blight and antifungal activity of different plant extract and capillin on pathogens

作　　者：廖仕梅 俞舒谊 杨态娇 罗建梅 李青[1] 闫晓慧[1] LIAO Shi-mei;YU Shu-yi;YANG Tai-jiao;LUO Jian-mei;LI Qing;YAN Xiao-hui(College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院/云南省高校森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明650224

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第4期714-721,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160378);云南省高层次人才项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-300);西南林业大学博士科研启动经费(111712)。

摘　　要：[目的]明确曲靖市会泽县马铃薯早疫病的病原菌,并探究不同植物提取物和茵陈二炔酮对病原菌的抑菌活性,为马铃薯早疫病的生物防治提供科学依据。[方法]采用组织分离法分离纯化病原菌,通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定病原菌,利用菌丝生长速率法筛选对病原菌有抑制效果的植物提取物,同时测定茵陈二炔酮抑菌毒力以及对菌丝形态、干重、还原糖、总蛋白含量的影响。[结果]曲靖市会泽县马铃薯病叶分离纯化的病原菌经鉴定为交链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)。12种植物提取物(1 mg/mL)中椴叶鼠尾草和紫茎泽兰提取物的抑菌效果最好,抑菌率分别为55.19%和40.76%。茵陈二炔酮抑菌效果随着浓度升高而增强,经毒力测定其EC_(50)在16.418~46.576μg/mL。茵陈二炔酮使菌丝形态发生细微变化,干重显著减轻,还原糖、总蛋白含量显著降低。[结论]曲靖市会泽县马铃薯早疫病病原菌为交链格孢菌,椴叶鼠尾草和紫茎泽兰提取物对交链格孢菌有良好的抑菌效果,茵陈二炔酮通过阻碍菌丝细胞物质合成与能量代谢,影响菌丝正常生长以达到较好的抑菌效果。[Objective]The pathogen of potato early blight in Huize county,Qujing city was identified,and the antifungal activity of different plant extracts and capillin on pathogenic bacteria was explored,which would provide scientific basis for the biological control of potato early blight.[Method]The pathogens were isolated and purified by tissue separation and identified by a combination of morphological and molecu-lar biology.The antifungal activity of extracts was screened by mycelium growth rate method.The antifungal virulence of capillin and its influ-ence on the morphology,dry mass,reduced sugar and total protein content were determined.[Result]The pathogenic bacteria isolated and pu-rified from potato diseased leaves in Huize county,Qujing city were identified as Alternaria alternata.Among the 12 plant extracts(1 mg/mL),the extracts of Salvia tilifolia and Eupatorium adenophora showed potent antifungal effect on A.alternata,with inhibition rates of 55.19%and 40.76%,respectively.The antifungal effect of capillin was enhanced with the increase of concentration,and the ECso was be-tween 16.418 and 46.576μg/mL.The treatment of A.alternata with capillin resulted in the minor distortion of mycelia morphology,the re-duction of dry weight,reducing sugar and total protein content.[Conclusion]The pathogenic bacteria of potato early blight in Huize county Qujing city is A.alternata.The extracts of S.tilifolia and E.adenophora have good antifungal effects on A.alternata.capillin affects the nor-mal growth of hyphae by hindering the material synthesis and energy metabolism of hyphal cells to achieve a beter antifungal ffct against A.alternata.

关 键 词：马铃薯早疫病 病原菌鉴定 植物提取物 茵陈二炔酮 抑菌活性 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]