秸秆降解复合菌系的鉴定及其菌剂应用效果  

Identification of complex strains of straw degradation and application effect of bactericide

作　　者：马兰 张美君 王继涛 马志虎 兰正芳 朱红艳 尹翠[1,4] 徐广亚 曹云娥 MA Lan;ZHANG Mei-jun;WANG Ji-tao;MA Zhi-hu;LAN Zheng-fang;ZHU Hong-yan;YIN Cui;XU Guang-ya;CAO Yun-e(College of Enology and Horticulture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Horticultural Technology Extension Station of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750001,China;Helan County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Yinchuan 750299,China;Ningxia Shared Manpower Group Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750027,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏回族自治区园艺技术推广站,银川750001 [3]贺兰县农业技术推广服务中心,银川750299 [4]宁夏共享人力集团有限公司,银川750027

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第4期764-772,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02005, 2021BBF02025)。

摘　　要：[目的]防止秸秆资源浪费,解决秸秆降解问题,探究微生物降解条件下秸秆降解效率。[方法]通过富集驯化培养,从腐熟好的秸秆堆肥中筛选具有降解能力的菌株,构建出具有降解能力的复合菌系ZM-10,对其进行16S rDNA测序,确定系统发育地位。以液体摇瓶发酵产滤纸酶活性(FPA)变化为评价依据,设置单因素试验优化复合菌系ZM-10的产纤维素酶条件及固态菌剂发酵条件,制备出降解效率最佳的发酵菌剂,用于小白菜盆栽试验。[结果]组成复合菌系ZM-10的菌株分别为枸橼酸杆菌(Citrobacter cronae)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus velezensis)、台湾假单胞菌(Pseudomonas taiwanensis)、臭苣苔属菌(Myroides odoratus)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella sp.)。复合菌系ZM-10固态最佳发酵条件包括:培养基配方为玉米秸秆粉4.00 g、麦麸2.67 g、花生片粉2.67 g、豆粕2.67 g,最佳外加碳源为0.3%乳糖,最佳外加氮源为0.3%蛋白胨,最适培养条件为接种量24%、干燥温度60℃、发酵时间6 d,固态菌剂最适载体为生物炭,最佳负载量m(生物炭)∶m(复合菌液)为1∶1.375。盆栽试验表明,施用复合菌剂的处理下小白菜的株高、叶面积、根冠比、Vc含量、可溶性固形物含量等指标均高于对照。[结论]本试验成功构建了高效降解秸秆的复合菌系ZM-10及菌剂,并验证了菌剂对小白菜生长发育的积极影响,为解决秸秆资源浪费和作物生产效率提供了新思路。[Objective]The present paper aimed to prevent the waste of straw resources and solve the problem of straw degradation,the degra-dation efficiency of straw under the condition of microbial degradation was explored.[Method]Through enrichment and acclimation culture,strains with degradability were screened from decomposed straw compost,and a composite strain ZM-10 with degradability was constructed.The phylogenetic status was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing.Based on the change of enzyme activity(FPA)of filter paper produced by liquid shake botle fermentation,a single factor experiment was set up to optimize the conditions of cellulase production and solid bactericide fermentation of composite strain ZM-10,and the fermentation bactericide with the best degradation efficiency was prepared for the pot experi-ment of Chinese cabbage.[Result]The strains forming the complex strain ZM-10 were Citrobacter cronae,Bacllus velezensis,Pseudomonas taiwanensis,Myroides odoratus,Klebsiella sp.The optimal fermentation conditions for the composite strain ZM-10 were as follows:The medium formula was 4.00 g corn stalk powder,2.67 g wheat bran,2.67 g peanut chip powder,2.67 g soybean meal,0.3%lactose,0.3%peptone,the inoculation volume was 24%,the drying temperature was 60 C,and the fermentation time was 6 days.The best carrier for solid bacteri-cide was biochar,and the optimal loading capacity of biochar(g):complex bacterial solution(mL)was 1:1.375.The pot experiment showed that the plant height,leaf area,root to shoot ratio,Vc content and soluble solid content of Chinese cabbage were all higher than those of the control group.[Conclusion]This experiment successfully constructs a composite strain ZM-10 and bactericide which can degrade straw effi-ciently,and verify the positive effects of bactericide on the growth and development of Chinese cabbage,which provide a new idea for solving the waste of straw resources and crop production efficiency.

关 键 词：秸秆降解复合菌系 固态发酵工艺 固态菌剂 小白菜 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]