历史记忆的形成:大脑记忆与共情神经网络的互动——一项历史学与脑科学的交叉研究  

The Formation of Historical Memory:The Interaction between Brain Memory and Empathic Neural Network——A Study at the Intersection of History and Brain Science

作　　者：尤淑君[1] 沈婷[2] 张露月 唐文新 赖欣怡 You Shujun;Shen Ting;Zhang Luyue;Tang Wenxin;Lai Xinyi

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史系 [2]浙江大学医学院系统神经与认知科学研究所 [3]美国哥伦比亚大学生物医学工程研究所 [4]浙江大学医学院附属精神卫生中心及杭州市第七人民医院

出　　处：《数字人文研究》2024年第1期42-57,共16页Digital Humanities Research

基　　金：浙江大学“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”资助。

摘　　要：记忆是历史学研究的核心,并因其主体差异,分为个体历史记忆、群体历史记忆、群体与群体之间的文化历史记忆,而大脑的“共情”功能会引发“感同身受”的情绪,得以连接起三种记忆。研究对不同学历、性别和历史知识水平的被试者开展实验,利用任务态功能磁共振成像技术,观察被试者观看战争图片时的大脑反应,揭示了高级认知功能网络、视觉信息处理网络及负性情绪脑区激活水平的变化。被试者在观看抗日战争图片组时,大脑中负责“共情”的核心区域与调控区域的激活水平显著增加,直接调动了大脑的“历史记忆”,突显出历史教育的重要性——加强群体间的文化性记忆的联系,从而强固国家认同感与爱国情怀。此外,不同性别与受教育程度的被试者,在大脑激活水平上也存在显著差异,受教育水平高的女性大脑呈现出的“共情”水平最为活跃,更能表现出“同仇敌忾”的态度。研究不仅展现了个体差异在感知历史事件中的重要性,也证明了历史记忆在维系社会共识与凝聚群体上的作用。Memory is the core of historical research,and due to differences in subjects,it can be divided into individual historical memory,group historical memory,and cultural and historical memory between groups.The"empathy"function of the brain can trigger the emotion of"empathy"and connect the three memories.This study conducted experiments on subjects with different educational backgrounds,genders,and historical knowledge levels,and used fMRI technology to observe the brain responses of subjects when viewing war pictures,revealing the advanced cognitive function network,visual information processing network,and negativity.Changes in activation levels of emotional brain regions.When the subjects watched the Anti-Japanese War picture group,the activation level of the core area and regulatory area in the brain responsible for"empathy"increased significantly,directly mobilizing the"historical memory"of the brain and highlighting the importance of historical education-strengthening the connection of cultural memories between groups thus strengthens national identity and patriotism.In addition,there are significant differences in the brain activation levels of subjects with different genders and education levels.The brains of women with higher levels of education show the most active"empathy"level,and they are more able to show"sympathy with the same enemy".attitude.Research not only demonstrates the importance of individual differences in perceiving historical events,but also proves the role of historical memory in maintaining social consensus and cohesion of groups.

关 键 词：历史记忆 共情 认知功能 抗日战争 任务态功能磁共振 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] K265[哲学宗教—心理学] R-05[历史地理—历史学]