对辊拨刷式藠头收获机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of a Opposite Roller Extrusion Type Allium chinense Harvester

作　　者：柳亚峰 方志超 夏海峰 曲永波 吴明亮[1,2] LIU Yafeng;FANG Zhichao;XIA Haifeng;QU Yongbo;WU Mingliang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省现代农业装备工程技术研究中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第6期72-81,共10页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300103);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30344)。

摘　　要：针对藠头机械收获时根土分离效果差、损伤率高等问题,设计了一种对辊拨刷式藠头收获机,主要由挖掘铲、摆动筛、拨送辊、碎土辊、缓冲低铺栅等组成。提出了“对辊差速碎土+拨刷式输送分离”的藠头收获技术方案,即碎土辊与拨送辊配合,以较高的速度对土壤进行破碎,拨送辊不断向后拨送,完成对藠头根茎与土壤的分离;并对碎土辊旋转碎土与拨送辊低损拨送的作业机理进行分析,确定了影响藠头收获效果的主要因素及其取值范围。以机具前进速度、对辊转速差、碎土辊旋转半径为试验因素,以根土分离率、根茎损伤率为评价指标进行二次旋转正交组合试验,建立试验因素与评价指标的回归模型,分析试验因素对评价指标的影响。采用Design-Expert13.0软件进行优化分析,得出最佳的参数组合:在机具前进速度为0.38 m·s^(-1),转速差为46.02 r·min^(-1),碎土辊旋转半径为48.72 mm时,根土分离率为89.30%,根茎损伤率为1.73%,在相同条件下进行田间验证试验,根土分离率为88.5%,根茎损伤率为1.78%,机具满足藠头收获要求。该研究可为藠头机械化收获根土分离技术及装备研究提供参考。Aming at the problems of poor rhizome soil separation and high damage rate in mechanized harvesting of Allium chinense,a new type of Allium chinense harvester was designed,which was mainly composed of digging shovel,swinging sieve,nail roll,throwing roll,buffer laying device.This paper studied the working mechanism of“opposite roller crushing soil+squeeze-brushing separation”of the Allium chinense harvester,which was that the soil crushing roller cooperated with the feeding roller to crush the soil at a higher speed,and the feeding roller continuously pushed backward to complete the separation of the rhizome soil of the Allium chinense;the main factors affecting the harvesting effect of the Allium chinense were analyzed and their value range was determined.A quadratic rotation orthogonal combination experiment was conducted using the forward speed of the machine,the speed difference of the opposite roller,and the rotation radius of the soil crushing roller as experimental factors,and the rhizome soil separation rate and rhizome damage rate as evaluation indicators.This article established a regression model between experimental factors and evaluation indicators,analyzed the impact of experimental factors on evaluation indicators,and optimized working parameters.The results showed that at forward speed of 0.38 m·s^(-1) and speed difference of 46.02 r·min^(-1),When the rotation radius of the soil crushing roller was 48.72 mm,the rhizome soil separation rate was 89.30% and the rhizome damage rate was 1.73%.And verification tests were conducted under the same conditions,with rhizome soil separation rate of 88.5%and rhizome damage rate of 1.78%.The machinery meets the requirements for harvesting Allium chinense,and the results provided reference for the research of rhizome soil separation technology and equipment for mechanized harvesting of Allium chinense.

关 键 词：收获机 藠头 根茎类作物 对辊拨刷 根土分离 

分 类 号：S22.579[农业科学—农业机械化工程]