刀豆凝集素快速检测技术的研究现状及发展趋势  

Research Status and Development Trend of Rapid Detection of Agglutinin in Concanavalin A

作　　者：张笑笑 李晓倩 朱诚 吕晨泽 ZHANG Xiaoxiao;LI Xiaoqian;ZHU Cheng;LYU Chenze(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Hazard Control Technology of Characteristic Agricultural Products/College of Life Sciences,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学生命科学学院,浙江省特色农产品品质及危害物控制技术重点实验室,杭州310018

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第6期214-225,共12页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32201254);浙江省自然科学基金探索项目(LTGN23C020003)。

摘　　要：刀豆凝集素主要存在于刀豆中,是一种能与多糖、糖蛋白等物质发生特异性结合的植物凝集素。刀豆凝集素具有抗营养和抗虫害作用,是植物自我保护的重要环节,也是造成食用豆类食物中毒和过敏反应的主要原因。因此刀豆凝集素的检测对豆类蔬菜的育种、食用安全性评估等工作具有重要意义。详细介绍了新型刀豆凝集素快速检测技术的研究进展,包括基于纳米材料的生物传感器、免疫传感技术、糖传感技术和核酸适配体传感技术等。基于纳米材料的生物传感器具有较高的精度但是缺乏生物特异性;免疫传感技术改进了传统免疫法的检测速度但仍存在信号重复性差的问题;糖传感技术大幅提升了血凝法的特异性和检测精度,但无法区分糖特异性相同的凝集素。基于核酸适配体的检测技术具有优秀的检测精度、特异性和可重复性,还可通过化学修饰获得非天然核酸适配体进一步加强特异性,是未来刀豆凝集素快速检测的发展趋势。Concanavalin A(Con A)is mainly found in jack bean,and it is a plant lectin that can specifically bind to polysaccharides,glycoproteins and other substances.Con A has anti-nutritional and anti-pest effects,which is an important part of plant self-protection,and also the main cause of food poisoning and allergic reactions caused by eating legumes.Therefore,the detection of Con A is of great significance for legume vegetable breeding and food safety assessment.The research progress of novel rapid detection technologies for Con A was introduced in detail,including nanomaterial based biosensor,immune sensing technology,sugar sensing technology and aptamer sensing technology.Biosensors based on nanomaterials had high accuracy but lack biological specificity;the immune sensing technology had improved the detection speed of the traditional immune method but still had the problem of insufficient signal repeatability;sugar sensing technology had greatly improved the specificity and detection accuracy of hemagglutination method,but it could not distinguish lectins with the same sugar specificity.Aptamers based detection technology had excellent detection accuracy,specificity and repeatability,and unnatural aptamers could be obtained through chemical modification to further enhance the specificity,which should be the development trend of rapid detection of Con A in the future.

关 键 词：刀豆凝集素 食用安全性 快速检测技术 生物传感器 豆类蔬菜 

分 类 号：S643[农业科学—蔬菜学]