控释掺混肥对麦玉轮作体系作物产量和温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of Controlled-release Blended Fertilizer on Crop Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Wheat-maize Rotation System

作　　者：高玮 王学霞 谢建治[2] 陈延华[1,3] 倪小会 王甲辰[1,3] 董艳芳 李子双[4] 曹兵 GAO Wei;WANG Xue-xia;XIE Jian-zhi;CHEN Yan-hua;NI Xiao-hui;WANG Jia-chen;DONG Yan-fang;LI Zi-shuang*;CAO Bing(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resource and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;College of Resources&Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow,Controlled-Release Fertilizer,Beijing 100097,China;Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou 253015,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [2]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定071000 [3]北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [4]德州市农业科学研究院,德州253015

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第5期2891-2904,共14页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD170060504);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230304);北京市农林科学院创新平台建设项目(PT2023-47);新型肥料研发与评价科技能力提升项目(ZHS202301)。

摘　　要：为探究控释掺混肥一次性施肥对华北平原麦玉(冬小麦和夏玉米)轮作体系作物产量和温室气体排放的影响,于2020~2022年在德州市现代农业科技园区开展田间试验.冬小麦和夏玉米均设不施氮对照(CK)、农户习惯施氮(FFP)、优化施氮(OPT)、CRU1(包膜尿素与普通尿素在冬小麦和夏玉米上的掺混比例分别为5∶5和3∶7)、CRU2(包膜尿素与普通尿素在冬小麦和夏玉米上的掺混比例分别为7∶3和5∶5)共5个处理.对比分析了不同处理的作物产量、氮肥利用效率、施肥经济效益和温室气体排放的差异.结果表明,施氮可显著提高麦玉轮作系统单季和周年作物产量(P<0.05).与FFP相比,CRU1和CRU2处理的夏玉米、冬小麦和周年产量分别提高了0.4%~5.6%、−5.4%~4.1%和−1.1%~3.9%(P>0.05);氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高了−8.6%~43.4%、2.05~6.24 kg·kg^(−1)和4.24~10.13 kg·kg^(−1);周年净收益提高了0.2%~6.3%.施氮显著增加了麦玉轮作体系的土壤N_(2)O和CO_(2)的周年排放(P<0.05),但对CH4周年排放没有影响(第1年FFP处理除外).CRU1和CRU2处理的土壤N_(2)O周年排放总量较FFP处理显著降低了23.4%~30.2%(P<0.05).施氮显著增加了麦玉轮作体系的周年全球增温潜势(GWP)(P<0.05),但各施氮处理通过提高作物产量降低了温室气体排放强度.与FFP相比,CRU1和CRU2处理的周年GWP降低了9.6%~11.5%(P<0.05),周年温室气体排放强度(GHGI)降低了11.2%~13.8%(P>0.05).综上所述,一次性减量施用控释掺混肥在减少氮肥和人工投入、提高作物产量、经济效益和降低温室气体排放方面具有积极作用,是促进华北平原粮食作物清洁生产的有效氮肥管理措施.The increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers exerts extreme pressure on the environment(e.g.,greenhouse gas emissions,GHGs)for winter wheat-summer maize rotation systems in the North China Plain.The application of controlled-release fertilizers is considered as an effective measure to improve crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency.To explore the impact of one-time fertilization of controlled-release blended fertilizer on crop yield and GHGs of a wheat-maize rotation system,field experiments were carried out in Dezhou Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park from 2020 to 2022.Five treatments were established for both winter wheat and summer maize,including no nitrogen control(CK),farmers'conventional nitrogen application(FFP),optimized nitrogen application(OPT),CRU1(the blending ratio of coated urea and traditional urea on winter wheat and summer maize was 5∶5 and 3∶7,respectively),and CRU2(the blending ratio of coated urea and traditional urea on winter wheat and summer maize was 7∶3 and 5∶5,respectively).The differences in yield,nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,fertilization economic benefits,and GHGs among different treatments were compared and analyzed.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the single season and annual crop yields of the wheat-maize rotation system(P<0.05).Compared with those of FFP,the CRU1 and CRU2 treatments increased the yields of summer maize by 0.4%to 5.6%,winter wheat by−5.4%to 4.1%,and annual yields by−1.1%to 3.9%(P>0.05).N recovery efficiency(NRE),N agronomic efficiency(NAE),and N partial factor productivity(NPFP)were increased by−8.6%-43.4%,2.05-6.24 kg·kg^(−1),and 4.24-10.13 kg·kg^(−1),respectively.Annual net income increased by 0.2%to 6.3%.Nitrogen application significantly increased the annual emissions of soil N_(2)O and CO_(2) in the rotation system(P<0.05)but had no effect on the annual emissions of CH_(4)(except for in the FFP treatment in the first year).The annual total N_(2)O emissions under

关 键 词：麦玉轮作体系 产量 控释掺混肥 氮肥利用效率 温室气体排放 全球增温潜势 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]