鄱阳湖候鸟栖息地微塑料表面细菌群落结构特征与生态风险预测  

Characterization of Microplastic Surface Bacterial Community Structure and Prediction of Ecological Risk in Poyang Lake,China

作　　者：俞锦丽 赵俊凯 罗思琦 朱颖婷 张文慧 胡启武[1,2] 刘淑丽 YU Jin-li;ZHAO Jun-kai;LUO Si-qi;ZHU Ying-ting;ZHANG Wen-hui;HU Qi-wu;LIU Shu-li(School of Geography and Environment,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization of Jiangxi Province,College of Life Science,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学地理与环境学院,南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,南昌330022 [3]江西师范大学生命科学学院,生物多样性保护与资源利用江西省重点实验室,南昌330022

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第5期3098-3106,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42007389,32060275)。

摘　　要：近年来鄱阳湖的微塑料环境污染日益受到关注.选取鄱阳湖白沙湖为研究区,采集白沙湖水体和沉积物以及其中的微塑料样品,通过傅里叶红外光谱确定微塑料的聚合物类型为聚乙烯(PE)、聚酯纤维(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚苯乙烯(PS).并利用16S高通量测序技术分析水体、沉积物中和微塑料表面细菌群落结构组成.微塑料表面细菌的物种丰富度与多样性均低于周围水体和沉积物.NMDS分析结果表明,微塑料表面与周围沉积物、水体中的细菌群落结构差异较大.水体和沉积物中的细菌群落组成与微塑料表面存在差异,门水平上沉积物与沉积物中微塑料表面优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota),其在微塑料表面相对丰度高于沉积物;水体中微塑料表面变形菌门相对丰度高于水体,而拟杆菌门、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)的相对丰度明显低于水体.属水平上马赛菌属(Massilia)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)是微塑料表面的优势菌属,相对丰度明显高于周围水体和沉积物.通过BugBase表型预测发现微塑料细菌群落可移动基因元件含量、生物膜形成、潜在致病性及胁迫耐受等表型相对丰度明显高于周围水体和沉积物.结果发现微塑料可能会促使致病菌在内的有害菌的传播,提高细菌群落的潜在致病性,且微塑料表面细菌群落具有更高的可移动基因元件含量表型.通过揭示微塑料污染对微观层面湿地生态的潜在危害,可为维护湿地生态稳定性提供科学参考.In recent years,the environmental pollution of microplastics in Poyang Lake has received increasing attention.Baisha Lake of Poyang Lake was selected as the study area,and samples of water and sediments of Baisha Lake and the microplastics therein were collected,and the polymer types of microplastics were identified as polyethylene(PE),polyester(PET),polypropylene(PP),and polystyrene(PS)using Fourier infrared spectroscopy.We also analyzed the structural composition of bacterial communities in water,in sediments,and on microplastic surfaces using 16S high-throughput sequencing.The species richness and diversity of bacteria on the microplastic surfaces were lower than those in the surrounding water and sediments.The results of NMDS analysis showed that the bacterial community structures on the microplastic surfaces differed greatly from those in the surrounding sediments and water.The bacterial community composition in water and sediment differed from that on the microplastic surfaces,and the dominant bacterial phyla on the microplastic surfaces were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota,and their relative abundance on the microplastic surfaces was higher than that in sediment.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was higher than that in water.The relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were significantly lower than that of water.Massilia and Pseudomonas were the dominant genera on the microplastic surfaces,and their relative abundances were significantly higher than those in the surrounding water and sediments.BugBase phenotype prediction revealed that the relative abundance of contains mobile elements,biofilm formation,potential pathogenicity,and stress tolerance phenotypes of microplastic bacterial communities were significantly higher than those of the surrounding water and sediments.The results revealed that microplastics may have contributed to the spread of harmful bacteria,including pathogenic bacteria,and increased the potential pathogenicity of bacterial communities.Additionally,microplastic

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 细菌 微塑料(MPs) BugBase 假单胞菌 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]