汉英指元状语的分布差异是汉英母语者时空观差异的反映吗?——再论汉英指元状语分布差异之动因  

Revisiting the motivation behind different distributions of argument-oriented adverbials in Chinese and English

作　　者：李所成[1] LI Suocheng

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学日语学院,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第3期331-340,384,共11页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：汉英指元状语的分布差异不是源自汉英语母语者的时空观差异,而是源自汉、英两语言的词类差异。英语的状语只能由副词(或副词性成分)充任,所以无论指元状语出现在谓语动词前还是谓语动词后,都不会引起句法歧义。汉语的状语还可以由形容词充任。由于汉语形态不发达,再加上动词也能做主语,形容词状语出现在谓语动词后时很容易引起句法歧义。为了避免产生句法歧义,汉语的形容词状语只能出现在谓语动词前。另外,汉语“主语+谓语”的语序非常强势,导致出现在谓语动词后的副词具有很强的述谓性。谓语动词后也不是汉语副词状语的最佳位置。汉语的副词状语只能出现在谓语动词前,结果导致汉语指元状语(形容词指元状语、副词指元状语)只能出现在谓语动词前。Differences on the distribution of argument-oriented adverbials between Chinese and English are not originated from their different space-time view,but from their differences on parts of speech.Since English adverbials can only be fulfilled by adverbs(or adverb-equivalents),the position of argument-oriented adverbials being postverbal or preverbal would not cause syntactic ambiguity.In Chinese,adjectives can also serve as adverbials.This would easily cause syntactic ambiguity when such adverbials appear after the verb in predicate.In order to avoid syntactic ambiguity,Chinese adjectival adverbials can only be preverbal.In addition,the word order of"subject+predicate"is prevalent in Chinese.This leads to a strong predicative nature of postverbal adverbs and postverbal position is not ideal for Chinese adverb adverbials as well.In Chinese,since adverb adverbials can only be preverbal,argumentoriented adverbials(adjectives and adverbs)can only appear before the predicate verbs.

关 键 词：指元状语 汉英对比 语义指向 时空观 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]