在哲學與經驗之間的生命認知:書法之“氣”的審美表達及拓展  

Life Cognition Between Philosophy and Experience:Aesthetic Expression and the Expansion of the Concept of 氣(Pneuma)in Calligraphy

作　　者：叢文俊 CONG Wenjun

机构地区：[1]吉林大學古籍研究所

出　　处：《书法研究》2024年第2期5-27,193,共24页Chinese Calligraphy Studies

摘　　要：在古代書論中,“氣”是一種特殊的存在。從宏觀的哲理,到書法藝術生命形式的普遍認知,再到技法運用和點畫字形的關聯性,“氣”的作用無可替代。随着詞義的不斷引申,“氣”最終泛化而成某些書家或作品的風格指向,或者象徵,因而具備了易知易解的通用性。在這方面,與之經常組合的“神”“骨”“血”等詞語很難與其比擬,由此突出了“氣”在古代書論中的重要地位。與此同時,“氣”之原始,名爲元氣、精氣,剖分而别爲陰陽;元氣是孕化萬物的生命之母,而陰陽變化則爲具體生命形式之所以然,包括特性、规律、美感生成等。如此,易文化與陰陽觀則随氣而行,遍及書法的各個環節,使書法實踐、審美與批評表達成爲崇高、深邃、微妙而極具親和性。The concept of qi氣(pneuma,energy)has a special place in ancient calligraphy theory.From macro philosophical concepts to the universal understanding of the living form of calligraphic art,as well as in regard to the correlation between technical application and the shape of brushstrokes and characters,the role played by qi is irreplaceable.With the continuous extension of its linguistic meaning,the term qi has eventually become both a general reference for stylistic orientation and a distinctive feature of particular calligraphers or calligraphic works,having the universality of being easily understandable and explicable.This is the advantage of qi over technical terms such as shen神(spirit),gu骨(bone)and xue i血(blood),with which it is often combined,and gives the concept of qi its importance for ancient calligraphy theory.Furthermore,according to Chinese philosophy,the original state of qi,namely yuanqi(original breath)or jingqi(vital essence),which functions as the mother of life,giving birth to all things,was divided into yin and yang;the alterations of yin and yang,in turn,explain concrete life forms,including their specific properties,laws,the generation of their aesthetic sense,etc.In this way,the notions of yin and yang as well as the culture of the Book of Changes developed alongside that of qi,pervading all aspects of calligraphy and making calligraphic practice and its aesthetic appreciation and critical expression noble,profound,subtle and highly adaptable.

关 键 词：混元 陰陽 生命形式 審美對象人格化 泛化 

分 类 号：J292.1[艺术—美术]