高校运动员压力源因素与应对方式的调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis on the Factors of Stress Sources and Coping Styles of College Athletes

作　　者：赵国栋 张梓正 蔡广 ZHAO Guo-dong;ZHANG Zi-zheng;CAI Guang(College of Physical Education,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222002,Jiangsu,China;School of Physical Education,Chaohu University,Hefei 230000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学体育学院,江苏连云港222002 [2]巢湖学院体育学院,安徽合肥230000

出　　处：《吉林体育学院学报》2024年第1期18-25,共8页Journal of Jilin Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:22BTY054);江苏省教育厅高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目(项目编号:2022SJYB1859);巢湖学院校级科研项目(项目编号:XWY-202203)。

摘　　要：为了解高校运动员心理压力源普遍性因素以及与所采取的应对方式之间的关系。通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法,编制了《高校运动员心理压力源量表》及《高校运动员压力应对方式量表》并通过数理统计法对两份量表的信效度进行检验,对收集的数据进行分析。得出结论:1.两份量表均具有良好的信效度可以用于日常评估。2.高校运动员压力源因素主要包括五个维度分别是:竞赛压力、训练压力、生活交互中的压力、内源性学习压力、外源性学习压力。其中内源性学习压力是高校运动员最主要的压力源因素。3.压力应对方式分为四个维度:寻求交流、积极主动、否认逃避、理性看待。高校运动员较多采用积极正向的应对方式。建议教练员或教师应采用任务导向干预及认知行为干预等干预策略帮助运动员缓解压力,提高自我效能感及心智能水平。To understand the common factors of psychological stressors among college athletes and their relationship with the coping strategies adopted.By using literature review,questionnaire survey,and expert interview methods,the"College Athlete Psychological Stress Source Scale"and the"College Athlete Stress Coping Style Scale"were developed.The reliability and validity of the two scales were tested using mathematical statistics,and the collected data was analyzed.Conclusion:1.Both scales have good reliability and validity and can be used for daily evaluation.2.The stressors of college athletes mainly include five dimensions:competition pressure,training pressure,stress in daily life interaction,endogenous learning pressure,and exogenous learning pressure.Among them,endogenous learning pressure is the main stressor factor for college athletes.3.There are significant differences in stress levels among athletes of different genders,educational levels,sports levels,and sports events.4.Stress coping styles are divided into four dimensions:seeking communication,being proactive,denying and avoiding,and looking at them rationally.College athletes tend to adopt positive coping strategies.It is recommended that coaches or teachers adopt intervention strategies such as task oriented intervention and cognitive behavioral intervention to help athletes alleviate stress,improve self-efficiency and mental intelligence levels.

关 键 词：高校运动员 压力源 应对方式 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]