论劳动者脱离自动化决策权  

On Employees'Right Not to Be Subject to Automated Decision-Making

作　　者：田野 Tian Ye

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2024年第3期175-189,共15页Law and Social Development

基　　金：最高人民法院司法研究重大课题“平台经济模式下从业者与平台经营者法律关系问题研究”(ZGFYZDKT202109-01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自动化决策在劳动管理中的广泛应用给劳动者权益保护带来挑战,这种挑战的焦点在于用人单位有组织化生产与劳动者自主性之间的冲突与平衡。脱离自动化决策权对算法失准进行事后补救,矫正算法权力的失衡,捍卫劳动者作为人的主体尊严,是劳动者对抗算法暴政的工具。对“仅通过自动化决策的方式作出决定”的认定,应持宽严适度的立场,只有在用人单位的干预是实质性干预的情况下,才能推翻这一要件的成立。拟脱离的自动化决策必须对劳动者权益有“重大影响”。对“重大影响”应主要采用客观标准,并结合个人信息保护影响评估加以判断。就业机会丧失、职位降低、薪酬减少、负面评级、惩戒和算法歧视等情形可被认定为“重大影响”。行使脱离自动化决策权的直接效果是劳动者不受自动化决策所形成决定的约束,扩张效果是获得人工干预的请求权。Automatic decision-making is widely used in labor management,which brings about many challenges to the protection of employees.The key is how to balance enterprises'organized operation and autonomy of employees.The right not to be subject to automated decision-making pro-vides a legal tool for workers to fight against algorithmic tyranny,which helps to correct unfair algorithmic decisions,rectify the imbalance of algorithmic power and protect the dignity of workers as human beings.It should be examined seriously that whether a decision is made solely through automated processing.This precondition can be overturned only when the employer's intervention is substantial.The automatic decision-making must have a significant impact on the rights and interests of employees,which should be judged mainly by objective criteria and combined with the impact assessment of personal information protection.The loss of job opportunities,salary reduction,negative assessment,punishment and algorithmic discrimination can be recognized as significant impacts.The necessity should be interpreted strictly.The primary effect of this right is that workers are not subject to the automatic decisions,and the right to request further human intervention is the side effect.

关 键 词：劳动管理 脱离自动化决策权 实质性干预 重大影响 法律效果 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]