脑卒中神经环路研究技术进展  

Technological advances in the study of post-stroke neural loops

作　　者：陈彦熹 徐志栋[2] 刘婷婷 马连素 孙芳玲 王文 CHEN Yanxi;XU Zhidong;LIU Tingting;MA Liansu;SUN Fangling;WANG Wen(Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University,Beijing Municipal,Geriatric Medical Research Center,Experimental Animal Center,Beijing 100053,China;School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018;Beijing Medical and Health Technology Development Center,Beijing 100053)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院北京市老年病医疗研究中心实验动物室,北京100053 [2]河北科技大学化学与制药工程学院,石家庄050018 [3]北京医药健康科技发展中心,北京100053

出　　处：《中国比较医学杂志》2024年第4期114-122,128,共10页Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173795);北京市自然科学基金(7242217)。

摘　　要：神经环路由神经元之间通过突触结构相互连接而形成,是大脑信息传递和处理的基本单元,在神经功能调控中发挥重要作用。卒中后,脑梗死区域及梗死周围区域与远程区域的神经连接受损,导致患者出现神经功能障碍甚至残疾。然而,随着检测技术进步,越来越多研究已证实卒中患者在慢性期时能产生一定的功能恢复,可能与突触连接和神经环路的重新建立有关。因此,开发特定的技术来识别和操纵神经元活动模式,以及使用高时空分辨率成像策略解读这些神经变化过程,使我们能够了解卒中恢复的全脑网络动力学和神经环路重建的发生机制,从神经生物学角度理解卒中病理学发展到行为结果的闭环关系。目前研究神经环路的技术主要集中于光遗传学、化学遗传学、在体钙成像和功能磁共振成像技术。本文将介绍这4种主要技术的工作原理,重点总结各自在解析卒中后神经重塑研究中的应用成果,并简要分析了每种技术的应用场景、优劣性和未来发展趋势,帮助临床及基础研究人员利用这些技术发现新的治疗策略以及评估康复策略的有效性。Neural loops are formed by interconnections between neurons through synaptic structures,which are the basic units of information transmission and processing in the brain and play an important role in the regulation of neural functions.After stroke,neural connections between the infarct and peri-infarct regions and the remote area are damaged,resulting in patients being at risk of neurological dysfunction or even disability.However,with advances in detection technology,an increasing number of studies are demonstrating that patients with stroke can undergo some functional recovery during the chronic phase,possibly via a mechanism related to the re-establishment of synaptic connections and neural circuits.Therefore,the development of specific technology to identify and manipulate neuronal activity patterns,as well as the use of high-resolution temporal and spatial imaging strategies to decipher these neurological processes,will allow us to understand the whole-brain network dynamics of stroke recovery and the mechanisms by which neural loop reestablishment occurs.Furthermore,we may be able to neurobiologically comprehend the closed-loop mechanisms that underlie the development of stroke pathology and their relationship to behavioral outcomes.Current technologies used for studying neural circuits include optogenetics,chemical genetics,in vivo calcium imaging,and functional magnetic resonance imaging.This article introduces the working principles of these four major technologies and focuses on summarizing the result of their respective application in resolving neural remodeling after stroke.We briefly analyze the application scenarios,advantages and disadvantages,and future development trends of each technique.This paper will help clinical and basic researchers to use these technologies to discover new therapeutic strategies and evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies.

关 键 词：卒中 神经环路 光遗传学 化学遗传学 成像技术 

分 类 号：R-33[医药卫生]