清代书院课艺:联结书院学与科举学的历史文献  

Academy Curriculum in Qing Dynasty:Historical Literature Linking the Classical Academy and the Imperial Examination Studies

作　　者：刘海峰[1] 赵凯[1] Liu Haifeng;Zhao Kai

机构地区：[1]浙江大学科举学与考试研究中心,杭州310058

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2024年第3期101-111,共11页University Education Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学2020年度重大课题攻关项目“高校考试招生改革引导学生德智体美劳全面发展研究”(20JZD050)。

摘　　要：在上千年的中国书院史上,多数书院都重视以考促学。从流传形态来看,清代书院课艺主要分为课艺原件、编入别集中的课艺和以书院名义选编的课艺总集三大类别;就主课艺内容而言,清代书院课艺大体包括制艺试帖、经史词章、时务西学等门类。书院课艺数量与书院数量、考课次数、书院额数和刊刻频率直接相关。尽管历史上汗牛充栋的书院课艺多已散佚,但其现存数量依旧十分巨大,无法准确估算。清代书院课艺具有一定的经学、文学、史学、书院学和科举学价值,深入挖掘其中的有用元素,可以从书院考课内容与科举考试内容、考课衡文标准与科举衡文标准、书院育人目标与科举取士目标、科举人物的思想观念与关系网络、书院生徒平时成绩与科考录取率等方面,考察书院学与科举学的共生和互动关系。In the history of Chinese academies for thousands of years,most academies have attached great importance to promoting learning through examinations.Based on the circulation form,the curriculum of academies in the Qing Dynasty is mainly divided into three categories:original curriculum,curriculum compiled into separate collections,and comprehensive collections of curriculum selected in the academy's name.Regarding the primary curriculum's content,the Qing Dynasty academy curriculum generally encompassed various categories such as writing,classics and history poems,current affairs,and Western studies.The quantity of courses in the academy was directly correlated with the number of academies,the frequency of examinations,the number of students,and the frequency of publications.Although most of the numerous academic courses in history have been lost,their existing number is still huge and cannot be accurately estimated.The curriculum of academies in the Qing Dynasty has a specific value in classics,literature,history,academies,and imperial examinations.To deeply explore the valuable elements,we can look at the content of academy examinations and imperial examinations,the standards for assessing essays in academy examinations and imperial examinations,the goal of educating people in academies,and the goal of obtaining scholars through the imperial examination,the ideological concepts and relationship network of imperial examination figures,academy students'daily performance and the acceptance rate of the imperial examination,and examine the symbiotic and interactive relationship between academy and imperial examination studies.

关 键 词：清代书院 课艺 书院学 科举学 联结 

分 类 号：G649.299[文化科学—高等教育学]