国家治理转型、基层超载与基层干部“行为悖论”  

Transformations in National Governance,Overload at the Municipal Level,and the Behavioral Paradox of Local Officials

作　　者：王向阳 WANG Xiang-Yang

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学公共管理学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《党政研究》2024年第3期113-122,M0008,共11页Studies on Party and Government

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“基于村社统筹的欠发达地区农村养老服务精准供给模式研究”(22XSH016)。

摘　　要：近年来,一些地方部分基层干部日趋忙碌且避责行为日益常见,消极主义倾向明显,这已是不争的治理事实。既有研究的个体视角和抽象的结构视角,难以对十八大以来广大基层干部“行为积极而心态消极”这一行为悖论做出充分解释。引入“国家治理转型”视角,基于各地基层治理实践考察,研究发现:当前阶段,国家治理转型明显,集中体现在治理目标全面提高、治理事务密集下沉和治理过程高度规范上,与位于科层体制末梢、权责倒挂明显和干部分化严重的基层治理体系张力较大,基层超载问题突出。为了推动各项工作落实,“问责推动”日益成为常态化工作推动手段和机制。适度的工作推动,可较好调动广大基层干部积极性;滥用问责却极大挫伤基层干部主体性,影响工作落实,反而助长了基层干部消极行为再生产。基于此,亟待建立健全权责相当的基层治理事务清单制度、面向工作内容和工作形式的合理性识别机制以及面向基层干部的精准问责机制。In recent years,grassroots cadres in various regions have become increasingly busy,and the tendency to shirk responsibility is becoming more prevalent,marking a negative trend in governance that is an undeniable reality.Both individual and structural perspectives have struggled to fully explain the‘behavioral paradox'of positive actions coupled with a negative mindset among grassroots cadres since the 18th CPC National Congress.By adopting the lens of‘national governance transformation'and examining local grassroots governance practices,this research reveals that the transformation is evident in the comprehensive enhancement of governance objectives,deeper integration of governance activities,and more standardized processes.However,at the grassroots level—positioned at the bottom of the bureaucratic hierarchy—there is a clear mismatch between power and responsibility,significant cadre differentiation,and a notable issue of overload.To facilitate various tasks,‘promotion by the Discipline Inspection Commission'has increasingly become a method to encourage standard operations.Moderate task promotion can effectively engage grassroots cadres'enthusiasm;however,the frequent overgeneralization of this mechanism,including accountability measures by the discipline commission,has substantially undermined the autonomy of grassroots cadres,hindered task execution,and fostered the persistence of negative behaviors.There is an urgent need to establish and refine systems for grassroots governance that balance powers and responsibilities,accurately define work content and forms,and implement precise accountability mechanisms for grassroots cadres.

关 键 词：国家治理转型 基层超载 基层干部 消极行为 问责推动 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]