维系共和国:西塞罗的整体法方案  

Keeping the Republic: Cicero’s Program of Integral Law

作　　者：汪雄[1] Wang Xiong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期149-160,共12页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“西塞罗《论法律》研究”(22BFX163)。

摘　　要：目睹罗马共和国末期的种种危机,西塞罗不仅实际游说斡旋于各政治势力之间,而且进行政治哲学写作,希望在理论上设计一套维系共和国的方案,其整体法思想便是方案之一。整体法由市民法、智者之法和自然法三部分构成,其中自然法引导智者之法,智者之法引导市民法,这是一个动态上升的过程。任何国家或民族的市民法都有可能在这个动态中接近自然正当,这可以挽救政治危机导致的法律堕落,把法律从政客们的工具箱中解救出来,成为约束官员的有力武器;并且,共和国疆域内广泛存在的千差万别的法律因为自然法的最高引领而具有了统一性,这极大地消解了因法律的差异而造成的民族或区域分裂。总之,西塞罗的整体法具有维系罗马共和国的作用。Witnessing the crises at the end of the Roman Republic,Cicero not only practically lobbied and mediated between the political forces,but also wrote political philosophies in the hope of theoretically designing a set of programs to maintain the Republic,and his idea of integral law was one of them.Integral law consists of three parts:the civil law,the law of the wise,and the natural law,in which the natural law guides the law of the wise,and the law of the wise guides the civil law,forming a dynamic process of ascent.The civil law of any country or nation has the potential to approach the natural justice in this dynamic process,which can help save the legal degradation caused by political crises,rescuing the law from the toolbox of politicians and making it a powerful weapon to restrain the officials.Moreover,the wide variety of laws existing within the territory of the republic are unified under the supreme leadership of the natural law,which greatly dissolves the division caused by legal differences among ethnic groups or regions.In short,Cicero’s integral law played a role in maintaining the Roman Republic.

关 键 词：政治哲学 整体法 市民法 智者之法 自然法 

分 类 号：D909.9[政治法律—法学理论] D0[政治法律—法学]