社会生态学视域下儿童青少年身体活动影响因素研究  

Influence Factors of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents from the Perspective of Social Ecology

作　　者：郭冬冬 王斌[3] 刘辉[4] 周峰利[1] GUO Dongdong;WANG Bin;LIU Hui;ZHOU Fengli(Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;Hubei Sports Industry Research Center,Wuhan 430079,China;Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Sports Medicine,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]湖北体育产业研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [3]华中师范大学,湖北武汉430079 [4]武汉体育学院运动医学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2024年第3期342-349,共8页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：湖北省教育科学规划重大招标课题(项目编号:2023ZD012);2022年武汉体育学院校级教学研究项目。

摘　　要：儿童青少年身体活动影响因素研究仍缺乏系统性的解释框架。基于深度访谈和焦点小组讨论方式收集研究资料,运用扎根理论分析材料,发现儿童青少年身体活动影响因素主要包括宏观因素、环境因素、人际因素和心理因素。其中,宏观因素包括政策制度和教育评价体系;环境因素包括体育师资配备、体育课、课外体育活动、学校体育设施、社区体育场地/馆、社区安全系数和社区体育活动等;人际因素包括家长体育观念、家长支持、家长体育行为、父母社会经济地位、教师专业素养、教师激励风格、教师关怀行为、同伴陪伴和同伴激励等;心理因素包括体质与健康知识、运动益处认知、运动障碍认知、自我效能和身体活动意向等。此外,宏观因素直接影响身体活动,也可通过环境因素、人际因素和心理因素间接影响身体活动;环境因素和人际因素直接影响身体活动,也可通过心理因素间接影响身体活动;部分环境因素可直接影响人际因素。The determinants of physical activity(PA)of children and adolescents still lack a systematic theoretical framework.In the present study,in-depth interviews,focus group discussions and grounded theory research methods were adopted to collect and analyze data.The results revealed that:The determinants of PA of children and adolescents included macro factors,environmental factors,interpersonal factors and psychological factors.Macro factors included policy systems and education evaluation systems.Environmental factors included physical education course,the number of PE teachers,extracurricular PA,school PE facility,community PE venue,community safety factor and community PA activity.Interpersonal factors included parents’PA concept,PA support,PE behavior and socioeconomic status,teachers’profession skill,motivating style and care,peers’companionship and motivation.Psychological factors included knowledge of physical fitness and health,cognition of PA benefits and motor impairments,self-efficacy and PA intention.Macro factors could directly affect PA,or through environmental factors,interpersonal factors and psychological factors.Environmental factors and interpersonal factors could directly affect PA,or through psychological factor.Partial environmental factors could affect interpersonal factors.

关 键 词：身体活动 影响因素 儿童青少年 扎根理论 

分 类 号：G812.45[文化科学—体育学]