为了谁,幼儿更可能说谎?不同受益者对5~6岁幼儿说谎行为的影响  

Who Are Young Children More Likely to Lie for?The Influence of Different Beneficiaries on Lying Behavior among Preschoolers Aged 5~6 Years

作　　者：张文洁 黄子君 谭佩霞 范伟[1,2] 钟毅平 ZHANG Wenjie;HUANG Zijun;TAN Peixia;FAN Wei;ZHONG Yiping(Department of Psychology,School of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081;Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,Changsha 410081;Department of Preschool Education,School of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院心理系,长沙410081 [2]认知与人类行为湖南省重点实验室,长沙410081 [3]湖南师范大学教育科学学院学前教育系,长沙410081

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2024年第3期316-323,共8页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“幼儿分享行为的心理机制:接受者的自我相关性与需要的作用”(CBA190244)。

摘　　要：本研究采用“你藏我找”范式,将自我受益作为基线条件,通过两个实验分别考察不同自我相关性受益者和不同群体受益者对5~6岁幼儿说谎行为的影响。结果发现:(1)相比于高自我相关者和低自我相关者受益条件,幼儿更可能为自己的利益而说谎;而相比于低自我相关者受益条件,幼儿更可能为高自我相关者的利益而说谎(实验1);(2)相比于内群体和外群体受益条件,幼儿更可能为自己的利益而说谎;而相比于外群体受益条件,幼儿更可能为内群体的利益而说谎(实验2)。以上结果表明,5~6岁幼儿的说谎行为存在强烈的利己倾向,为自己获得利益而说谎的可能性最大;而5~6岁幼儿的亲社会说谎行为在个体层面存在自我相关性偏好,在群体层面存在内群体偏好。Experiment 1 adopted the"Hide-and-Seek Game task"to examine the influence of beneficiaries with different extents of self-relevance on lying behavior among preschoolers aged 5~6 years.The results of Experiment 1 suggested that participants told more lies for their own benefits compared with the benefits of the highly self-relevant beneficiary(friends)and lowly self-relevant beneficiary(strangers).Nevertheless,compared with the benefits of the lowly self-relevant beneficiary(strangers),participants were more likely to lie for the benefits of the highly self-relevant beneficiary(friends).Experiment 2 also used the"Hide-and-Seek Game task"to investigate the influence of beneficiaries of different groups on lying behavior among preschoolers aged 5~6 years.The results of Experiment 2 also found that participants were more likely to lie for their own benefits compared with the benefits of the in-group beneficiary and out-group beneficiary.In addition,by comparison with the benefits of the out-group beneficiary,participants were more likely to lie for the benefits of the in-group beneficiary.Our findings indicate that there is a strong egoistic tendency in lying behavior among preschoolers aged 5~6 years.More importantly,prosocial lying behavior among preschoolers aged 5~6 years is affected by self-relevance at the individual level,and there is"Self-relevance preference".At the group level,prosocial lying behavior among preschoolers aged 5~6 years is influenced by group differences,and there is"In-group favoritism".

关 键 词：5~6岁幼儿说谎行为 受益者 利己倾向 自我相关性偏好 内群体偏好 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]