植入式脑机接口论域下的“同一性危机”与伦理争议  

"Identity Crisis"and Ethical Controversy in the Domain of Implantable Brain-Computer Interface

作　　者：杨雨 王国豫 Yang Yu;Wang Guoyu

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院 [2]复旦大学科技伦理与人类未来研究院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2024年第4期80-89,F0003,共11页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“植入式脑机接口的自我认同危机及相关伦理问题研究”(编号2023M740733);国家自然科学基金一般项目“全球视野下我国科研伦理主要议题与战略应对”(编号L2224015);中国科学院学部科技伦理研究项目“数字技术的伦理研究”(编号XBKJLL2023001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：植入式脑机接口对神经系统干预的不确定性,尤其是部分患者有可能出现难以认同自我或对自我感到陌生的疏离体验,引发了围绕植入式脑机接口的伦理争议。争议的焦点涉及三个层面:首先,患者的难以自我认同或疏离体验是否一定由植入式脑机接口所引发?其次,同一性的改变是否一定引发“同一性危机”?换言之,这种同一性的改变是不是医学的目的或患者所欲求的?最后,一旦发生了自我不能认同的“同一性危机”,相关的医疗决策冲突、责任归因难题应如何解决?系统梳理相关争议及其缘由,并对“同一性危机”本身进行诊断分析,有助于厘清植入式脑机接口同一性伦理议题未来的研究重点和走向。未来应该加强对“同一性危机”的稳健、系统的定性研究和定量研究,确立同一性变化的规范性标准,细化精神病理学的神经伦理学分析。更重要的是,要加强对患者术后的医疗和心理关怀,通过引导患者正确地看待和认识自己,最大限度地减少或降低植入式干预对患者可能造成的伤害。The implantable Brain-Computer Interface(BCI)is a highly versatile tool in neuroscience research,yet the extent to which this technique affects the individual identity of patients remains to be explored.Numerous patients undergoing clinical treatment and experimental testing with implantable BCI have exhibited marks of an"identity crisis"relating to difficulties in self-identification or experiencing self-estrangement.This implies that implantable BCI may potentially lead to the identity crisis of"losing oneself",and subsequently trigger a series of ethical controversies.The controversy unfolds in three dimensions:First,does the implantable BCI necessarily induce the patient's struggle with self-identification or feelings of alienation?Second,does the change of identity necessarily lead to an"identity crisis"?Finally,when the"identity crisis"arises,how should conflicts in medical decision-making and issues of responsibility attribution be addressed?All these ethical controversies ultimately converge on a core question:should postoperative changes in the implanted patient's self,personality,authenticity,autonomy,etc.,be understood as alterations in individual identity?In fact,the core contradiction sparking this topic's crisis is the difficulty that existing research faces in proving a causal relationship between the two factors.The determination of implantable BCI as a critical factor influencing patient identity hinges not only on empirical and qualitative research in clinical medicine but also on patients'understanding of self-theory models and associated identity criteria.The extent and nature of influence on individual identity vary depending on diverse self-theory models and identity criteria.Therefore,to establish a normal causal link between implantable BCI and changes in identity,it is essential,first,to enhance robust and systematic research,both qualitative and quantitative,on"identity crisis".On one hand,it is necessary to actively capture and document patients'clinical manifestations and postoperative

关 键 词：植入干预 植入式脑机接口 同一性作 伦理争议 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学]