液体活检技术在结直肠癌诊疗领域的应用  

The application of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer

作　　者：赵迪 杨鑫鑫[1] 孟宏学[1] Di Zhao;Xinxin Yang;Hongxue Meng(Department of Pathology,Precise Medical Center,Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学肿瘤医院病理科,精准医学中心,150081

出　　处：《中华结直肠疾病电子杂志》2024年第2期135-140,共6页Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82072985);黑龙江省重点研发项目(GY2023JD0002);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2022H065);中央财政支持地方高校发展专项资金(2020GSP04);黑龙江省省属高等学校基础研究项目(2021-KYYWF-0253);哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院海燕青年基金(JJQN2021-02)。

摘　　要：结直肠癌是一种常见的消化道系统肿瘤,我国结直肠癌发病率在所有恶性肿瘤中居第二位,死亡率居第四位。目前结直肠癌的诊断主要依赖组织活检,但组织活检存在侵入性、技术要求相对高及可重复性差等弊端。液体活检技术是一种新型检测技术,可通过各种体液,主要是外周血对各类癌症进行诊断,因其敏感度高、依从性强、可重复性好及非侵入性而备受瞩目,有很强的临床应用价值。目前,液体活检技术主要应用于癌症早期筛查、伴随诊断、病程监测及预后评估领域,是十分有前景的结直肠癌辅助检查手段。近期,液体活检技术即微小残留病变(MRD)的检测在结直肠癌诊疗中取得了突破性的进展。本文旨在汇总目前液体活检技术在结直肠癌的早期筛查、伴随诊断、病程监测及预后评估四大方面的作用。Colorectal cancer is a kind of common tumor of the digestive system, which held the second place of morbidity and the forth place of mortality among the whole cancer types in China. Recent colorectal cancer's definite diagnosis method is tissue biopsy, which maintains disadvantages as invasiveness, relatively needs of technology and short on repeatability. Liquid biopsy is a new diagnose technology that diagnose cancer by body fluids(mainly peripheral blood), with advantages as high sensitivity, high compliance and noninvasiveness. Recently, liquid biopsy is mainly applied on early screening, companion diagnostics, drug selection and prognosis predication. Recently, liquid biopsy has achieved breakthrough progress on minimal residual disease(MRD) diagnosis. This article aims to conclude the effect of liquid biopsy on early screening, companion diagnostics, drug selection and prognosis predication of colorectal cancer.

关 键 词：结直肠肿瘤 液体活检 精准诊疗 

分 类 号：R735.34[医药卫生—肿瘤]