水稻种膜覆膜直播机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Rice Seed Film Mulching Direct Seeding Machine

作　　者：高占文[1] 张旭[1] 金青子 Gao Zhanwen;Zhang Xu;Jin Qingzi(Liaoning Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Shenyang 110168,China;Dengta Rongyao Agricultural Development Co.Ltd.,Liaoyang 111316,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业机械化研究所,沈阳110168 [2]灯塔市荣耀农业发展有限公司,辽宁辽阳111316

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第10期97-101,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：辽宁省科学基金项目(2020JH2/10200009);辽宁省农业科学院学科建设项目(2019DD289542);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2021020274-JH6/105)。

摘　　要：水稻机械化直播是一种轻简、高效、可持续发展的栽培方式,水稻精量穴直播技术有效破解了水稻传统直播中的多项技术难题,为水稻机械化生产提供了一种先进的轻简化栽培技术,但现有的水稻精量穴直播技术播种效果不理想,影响该项技术的推广应用。为此,设计了一种水稻种膜覆膜直播机。直播机采用水稻种膜覆膜,将事先按农艺要求设定株距和穴距、粘附水稻种籽粒的可降解地膜铺设于整理好的土壤上,省去了复杂的播种装置,解决了机械式排种器在播种作业过程中对水稻种籽粒的机械损伤问题。田间试验表明:该机采光面度合格率82%,采光面展平度96%,采光面机械破损程度31%,地膜纵向拉伸率7%,膜边覆士宽度合格率91%,膜边覆土厚度合格率92%,地膜漏覆土程度0.8%,地膜折边宽度合格率91%,地膜贴合程度96%,铺膜中心线偏差18mm,生产率0.38hm^(2)/h,各项测试指标均能满足相应的国家标准及设计要求。Mechanized direct seeding of rice is a simple,efficient and sustainable cultivation method.Rice precision hole direct seeding technology effectively solves many technical problems in traditional direct seeding of rice and provides an advanced light and Simplified Cultivation Technology for mechanized production of rice.However,the sowing effect of the existing precision hole direct seeding technology of paddy rice is not ideal,which affects the popularization and application of this technology.To solve this problem,a rice seed film mulching direct seeding machine was designed.The machine is covered with rice seed film,and the degradable film adhering to water rice seeds according to the plant spacing and hole spacing set in advance according to the agronomic requirements is laid on the sorted soil,which eliminates the complex sowing device and solves the problem of mechanical damage to rice seeds caused by the mechanical seed metering device in the process of sowing operation.The field test shows that the qualified rate of daylighting surface is 82%,the flatness of daylighting surface is 96%,the mechanical damage degree of daylighting surface is 31%,the longitudinal tensile rate of plastic film is 7%,the qualified rate of film edge covering width is 91%,the qualified rate of film edge covering thickness is 92%,the soil leakage degree of plastic film is 0.8%,the qualified rate of film folding width is 91%,the film fitting degree is 96%,the deviation of film laying centerline is 18mm,and the productivity is 0.38hm^(2)/h,All test indexes can meet the corresponding national standards and design requirements,the performance of machines and tools is reliable,and the operation effect meets the design requirements.

关 键 词：水稻 种膜覆膜 直播机 

分 类 号：S223.26[农业科学—农业机械化工程]