梯级推理与“包括”前后项之间的逻辑语义关系  

Scalar Reasoning and the Logical Semantic Relations between the Lexical Items Preceding and Following“Baokuo”

作　　者：钟玲萍 文卫平[2] ZHONG Ling-ping;WEN Wei-ping(School of Literature and Journalism,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105,China;School of Foreign Languages,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学文学与新闻学院,湖南湘潭411105 [2]湘潭大学外国语学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期136-142,共7页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉英日左缘结构中话题的句法生成对比研究”(21BYY192);湘潭大学研究生科研创新项目“英汉范围动词对比研究”(XDCX2020B074)。

摘　　要：“包括”前后项之间具有三种截然不同的逻辑语义关系,即前项包括后项、后项包括前项、前后项无直接关系但属同一集合。由于“包括”作为典型的预设触发语与推理直接相关,且当其同时激活存在预设与梯级预设时才有三者共存的可能。通过对三种逻辑语义关系具体推理机制的描写与对比,发现三者并不是孤立存在、互不相容的,而是建立在统一的逻辑基础之上,具有相同的语义内核,且在从可能性角度进行的梯级推理上具有内在逻辑的高度一致性,即在事件发生的可能性上都遵循从小到大的推理方向。其不同意义的产生是由梯级推理过程中所涉及的某些因素造成,其中影响最为直接的是具体逻辑关系的隐现、不同参照点的选取以及在此基础上生成的不同推理路径。There are three distinct logical semantic relations between the lexical terms preceding and following the prepositional term“baokuo(including)”.Specifically,the preceding item includes the following one,the following item includes the preceding one,and while both the preceding and the following items have no direct relation,they belong to the same set.Given that“baokuo”,as a prototypical presupposition trigger,is closely tied to inference,only when it simultaneously activates both the existential and scalar presuppositions,is the coexistence of these three relations possible.Through the description and comparison of the scalar reasoning mechanisms underlying the three logical semantic relations,it is found that the three relations are not isolated or mutually incompatible.Instead,they rest on a unified logical foundation with the same semantic core and exhibit a high degree of inherent logic consistency in scalar reasoning from the perspective of possibility.That is,all the three relations adhere to a directional inference from less probable to more.The variations in meaning arise from the factors involved in the scalar inference process,among which the most direct influences are the emergence or concealment of specific logical relations,the selection of different reference points and the resultant divergent paths of inference built upon the selection.

关 键 词：“包括” 逻辑语义关系 梯级推理 推理机制 参照功能 

分 类 号：H136.1[语言文字—汉语]