语音象征的产生机制:基于敏感期的先天后天作用模型  

The Mechanism of Sound Symbolism:Innate and Acquired Interaction Model Based on the Sensitive Period

作　　者：马亚男 黄艳利 石宇婧 谢久书 Ma Yanan;Huang Yanli;Shi Yujing;Xie Jiushu

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（心理学）》2023年第3期22-32,共11页

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20190701);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20210564);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目资助(20YJC190007)。

摘　　要：Bouba-Kiki效应(简称BK效应)指语音和形状特征之间的映射关系。针对BK效应的产生机制,先天论和后天论之间争论激烈。先天论的观点认为人们对语音象征的敏感性是出生时便存在的一种语言机制。而后天论的观点则强调语音象征是语言经验的产物。上述理论均获得大量研究证据的支持,且均无法完全否定对方。这表明,上述理论可能均未完整揭示语音象征的产生机制。鉴于此,针对BK效应的产生机制,梳理先天论与后天论的支持证据,并率先提出语言相关的BK效应敏感期假设。同时,梳理了支持BK效应敏感期的初步研究证据及可能的影响因素。进而,以语言相关的BK效应敏感期假设为基础,提出语音象征产生的先天后天相互作用模型,以整合以往研究中的矛盾。最后,展望了语音象征的未来研究进展和方向。Bouba-Kiki effect(i.e.,BK effect)indicates the mapping between phonemes and shape features.The innate theory and acquired theory have heated debates on the mechanism of the BK effect.The innate theory holds that sensitivity to sound symbolism is inborn.On the contrary,the acquired theory holds that sound symbolism is the product of linguistic experience.The above-mentioned theories are both supported by many studies and nei-ther of them can completely refute the other.This suggests that none of these theories fully reveal the mechanisms of the emergence of sound symbolism.Therefore,the present review systematically reviews previous findings that sup-port the innate and acquired theories on the mechanism of the BK effect,respectively.Then,the present review first proposes the hypothesis of the sensitive period of the language-related BK effect and reviews recent studies that have provided preliminary evidence for the sensitive period of the BK effect.In addition,the present review also re-views potential factors that may affect the sensitive period of the BK effect.Furthermore,to integrate the above de-bates,the present review proposes the innate and acquired interaction model for sound symbolism based on the sen-sitive period of the language-related BK effect.Finally,the present study proposes future research directions for the sensitive period of sound symbolism.

关 键 词：语音象征 Bouba-Kiki效应 敏感期 语言任意性 跨模态一致性 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]