算法歧视比人类歧视引起更少道德惩罚欲  

Algorithmic Discrimination Causes Less Desire for Moral Punishment than Human Discrimination

作　　者：许丽颖 喻丰 彭凯平[3] Xu Liying;Yu Feng;Peng Kaiping

机构地区：[1]清华大学马克思主义学院,北京100084 [2]武汉大学哲学学院心理学系,武汉430072 [3]清华大学社科学院心理学系,北京100084

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（心理学）》2023年第1期49-69,共21页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72101132);国家社科基金青年项目(20CZX059)。

摘　　要：算法歧视屡见不鲜,人们对其有何反应值得关注。6个递进实验比较了不同类型歧视情境下人们对算法歧视和人类歧视的道德惩罚欲,并探讨其潜在机制和边界条件。结果发现:相对于人类歧视,人们对算法歧视的道德惩罚欲更少(实验1~6),潜在机制是人们认为算法(与人类相比)更缺乏自由意志(实验2~4),且个体拟人化倾向越强或者算法越拟人化,人们对算法的道德惩罚欲越强(实验5~6)。研究结果有助于更好地理解人们对算法歧视的反应,并为算法犯错后的道德惩罚提供启示。The application of algorithms is believed to contribute to reducing discrimination in human decision-making,but algorithmic discrimination still exists in real life.So is there a difference between folk responses to human discrimination and algorithmic discrimination?Previous research has found that peoples moral outrage at al-gorithmic discrimination is less than that at human discrimination.Few studies,however,have investigated people's behavioral tendency towards algorithmic discrimination and human discrimination,especially whether there is a difference in their desire for moral punishment.Therefore,the present study aimed at comparing people's desire to punish algorithmic discrimination and human discrimination as well as finding the underlying mechanism and bound-ary conditions behind the possible difference.To achieve the research objectives,six experiments were conducted,which involved various kinds of discrimi-nation in daily life,including gender discrimination,educational background discrimination,ethnic discrimination and age discrimination.In experiment 1 and 2,participants were randomly assigned to two conditions(discrimina-tion:algorithm vs.human),and their desire for moral punishment was measured.Additionally,the mediating role of free will belief was tested in experiment 2.To demonstrate the robustness of our findings,the underlying mechanism(i.e.,free will belief)was further examined in experiment 3 and 4.Experiment 3 was a 2(discrimination:algo-rithm vs.human)×2(belief in free will:high vs.low)between-subject design,and experiment 4 was a single-factor(discrimination:human vs.algorithm with free will vs.algorithm without free will)between-subject design.Experiment 5 and 6 were conducted to test the moderating role of anthropomorphism.Specifically,participants'tend-ency to anthropomorphize was measured in experiment 5,and the anthropomorphism of algorithm was manipulated in experiment 6.As predicted,the present research found that compared with human discrimination,people have less desire to pu

关 键 词：算法 算法歧视 道德惩罚 自由意志信念 拟人化 

分 类 号：B84-05[哲学宗教—基础心理学]