不同边界工况下受电弓区域流场结构及气动噪声特性对比分析  

Comparative Analysis on Flow Field Structure and Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics of a Pantograph with Different Boundary Conditions

作　　者：潘永琛 张格明 李志强 柳润东 刘兰华 苏林[3] 潘镜冲 PAN Yongchen;ZHANG Geming;LI Zhiqiang;LIU Rundong;LIU Lanhua;SU Lin;PAN Jingchong(Energy Saving&Environmental Protection&Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Science and Information Department,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Underwater Environment,Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科信部,北京100081 [3]中国科学院声学研究所中国科学院水声环境特性重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2024年第3期117-127,共11页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(P2022Z003);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2021YJ162)。

摘　　要：为研究流场结构对受电弓气动噪声的影响,运用分离涡模拟方法和FW-H方程对高速受电弓区域流场结构和气动声场进行数值计算,对比分析平面和车体凹腔2种边界工况下流场特性、涡旋结构以及气动噪声特性的变化差异,为局部结构的气动声学优化以及仿真预测提供参考。结果表明:边界形式对局部流动具有明显的调制作用,速度场、涡量场均发生较显著的变化,相比于平面边界工况,车体凹腔边界工况下涡旋尺度增大,流动结构变得更为“有序”;车体凹腔边界工况下受电弓表面声压级相对较低,且气动噪声能量主要分布集中在500 Hz内的低频段;不同边界工况下Lamb矢量散度分布特征显示,气动声源的类型未发生变化,且车体凹腔边界工况下气动声源强度相对较弱;2种边界工况下的螺旋度分布差异意味着边界形式对流场的调制影响湍流能量的输运过程以及气动噪声能量的转化效率。In order to study the effects of flow field structures on the aerodynamic noise of pantograph,the numerical calculation of the flow field structure and aerodynamic field of high-speed pantograph is carried out by detached eddy simulation and FW-H equation.The differences of flow field characteristics,vortex structure and aerodynamic noise characteristics in two conditions of plane and concave boundaries are compared and analyzed,which provide reference for aeroacoustic optimization and simulation prediction of the local structure.The results indicate that the boundary forms can modify the local flow field obviously,and thus the velocity and vorticity fields are varied remarkably.Compared with the plane-boundary case,the scale of the vortices gets increased and the vortex structure becomes relatively orderly in the concave-boundary case.The sound pressure level of the pantograph surface is relatively low with the concave boundary condition,and the aerodynamic noise energy is mainly distributed in the low frequency band within 500 Hz.According to the features of Lamb vector divergence distribution,it is thought the type of aerodynamic source keeps unchanged for various boundary conditions,but the aerodynamic source is comparatively weak in the concave-boundary case.And the comparison of helicity distributions between the two cases implies that the flow field modified has an impact on turbulent energy transfer and efficiency of conversion into sound energy.

关 键 词：受电弓 流场 气动噪声 边界形式 涡旋结构 

分 类 号：U264.34[机械工程—车辆工程]