上古汉语OV语序结构助词“是”“之”差异及原因  

Differences and Reasons of the Structural Particles“Shi(是)”and“Zhi(之)”in OV Word Orderin Late Ancient Chinese

作　　者：李武伟 LI Wuwei(School of Literature and Journalism,Chengdu Normal University,Sichuan 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]成都师范学院文学与新闻学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期249-259,共11页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于上古出土文献OV语序研究”(22XYY025),项目负责人:李武伟。

摘　　要：借助“是”“之”前置的OV语序是上古汉语OV语序的重要类型之一,对“是”“之”的差异及原因进行探索,有助于全面认识OV语序。从历时角度看,其差异在西周时期开始出现,春秋战国时期二者差异全面呈现,两汉时期随着OV语序的消失二者差异也随之消失。从数量上看,受语体的影响,不同时期使用数量不同。在使用上,因二者出现的时间不同、来源不同,其差异体现在三个大的方面,是与“将”搭配、前置宾语、语气强弱等,其中语气强弱还包括否定词句法位置、否定对称、与疑问词的搭配、句末是否有语气词、主语为人称代词“我”或“吾”等五个小的方面的差异。从差异产生的原因看,依次为时间表达、连接性强弱、语气强弱。The OVword order using the structural particles“Shi(是)”and“Zhi(之)”represents a significant patternof OV structure in ancient Chinese.Exploring the differences and reasons of“Shi(是)”and“Zhi(之)”contributes to a comprehensive understanding of OV word order.From a diachronic perspective,the differences began to emerge during the Western Zhou period,became fully apparent duringthe Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,and disappeared with the OV word order in the Han period.From a quantitative perspective,their usage varied across different historical periods because of the influence of linguistic styles.The differences in usage stem from their distinct origins and times of appearance and are reflected in three main aspects:collocation with“jiang(将)”,positionof the object,and the intensity of the tone.Among these,the tone further includes five minor aspects:syntactic position of the negative word,negationsymmetry,collocation with interrogative words,presence of a modal particle at the endof sentences,and whether the subject is the personal pronoun“wo(我)”or“wu(吾)”.The reasons for these differences can be attributed to the time expression,connectivity,and tone.

关 键 词：上古汉语 语言类型学 OV语序 前置语序 结构助词 语气助词 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]