行政诉讼履行判决的类型与适用——基于“不履行法定职责”类型化的分析  

Types and Application of Administrative Performance Judgment:Based on the Analysis of the Classification of"Non-Performance of Statutory Duties"

作　　者：王明喆 Wang Mingzhe

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（诉讼法学、司法制度）》2023年第9期129-142,共14页Procedural Law And Judicial Systems

摘　　要：行政机关“不履行法定职责”包含不予答复申请、违法拒绝合法申请和违法拒不作出依职权行政行为三种类型。与此相对,履行判决实际上包含要求答复申请的履行判决、要求同意申请的履行判决和要求作出依职权行政行为的履行判决三种类型。要求答复申请的履行判决适用于行政机关不予答复的情形,在判决方式上,出于最大限度尊重行政机关首次判断权的考量,应采用程序性判决。要求同意申请的履行判决适用于行政机关违法拒绝合法申请的情形。在行政机关违法拒绝合法申请时,法院原则上应当作出撤销并重作判决,如果发现无须行政机关调查以及裁量,则应当作出实体性履行判决。要求作出依职权行政行为的履行判决是法院要求行政机关对第三人作出干预行为的判决。这类判决的适用条件应当比前两类履行判决更加严格,不仅应当满足无须调查及裁量要件,而且需要满足重大性要件和补充性要件,在判决方式上应当采用实体性判决。Performance judgment is an important type of judgment in China's administrative litigation,but the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Law and related judicial interpretations on the condition of application and methods of performance judgment are relatively simple,making it difficult to deal with various problems in judicial practice.There are actually various demands behind a party's request for the performance of statutory duties by an administrative organ.Therefore,performance judgments should be classified according to different types of"non-performance of statutory duties"and specific analysis should be conducted on each of them.According to the two standards of"upon application-ex officio"and"no response-unlawful refusal to perform duties","non-performance of statutory duties"can be preliminarily divided into four types.However,for ex officio administrative acts,administrative organs do not bear the obligation to respond.So,there are essentially only three types of"nonperformance of statutory duties",namely,refusal to respond to applications,unlawful rejection of legitimate applications,and unlawful refusal to perform ex officio administrative acts.Correspondingly,performance judgments can also be classified into three types:those requiring a response to the application,those requiring the approval of the application,and those requiring the performance of an ex officio administrative act.The first type of performance judgment applies to situations where administrative organs fail to respond to applications.When a party submits an application in the normative sense to an administrative organ and the administrative organ fails to perform its duty to respond to the application,the court can consider making a performance judgment.In terms of the judgment method,procedural judgments should be adopted in order to maximize respect for the administrative organs'right to make the first judgment and reduce the burden on judicial organs.The second type of performance judgment applies to the situation where an

关 键 词：履行判决 不履行法定职责 行政首次判断权 裁量权收缩为零 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]