我国刑事诉讼中受审能力规则的功能反思与制度完善  

Function Reflection and System Improvement of the Competence to Stand Trial in Criminal Procedure of China

作　　者：鲍文强 Bao Wenqiang

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（诉讼法学、司法制度）》2023年第11期124-136,共13页Procedural Law And Judicial Systems

摘　　要：域外国家围绕受审能力的规则建构,以“恢复能力”为导向,目的在于实现正当程序,强调不能以任何形式对无受审能力的被告人进行刑事审判,并通过衔接强制治疗程序促使被告人受审能力的恢复,最大限度实现惩罚犯罪与保障人权目的。我国刑事诉讼在重疾型缺席审判程序中引入受审能力标准,以“恢复审理”为导向展开制度设计,一方面在规范上引发法律条文之间的矛盾,另一方面在实践中导致立法目的不彰。完善我国刑事诉讼中的受审能力规则,应将其与缺席审判程序剥离,逐步转向与治疗程序的衔接。需强化对受审能力的司法判断,明确司法鉴定的启动条件及标准,通过引入专家陪审员制度补强法官在司法鉴定方面的知识短缺,进一步完善以无异议为例外的鉴定人出庭制度。The rule construction of extraterritorial countries around the competence to stand trial is guided by"recovery ability",aiming at realizing due process,emphasizing that defendants who are unable to stand trial cannot be tried in any form,and promoting the recovery of the competence to stand trial by connecting compulsory treatment procedures,so as to maximize the purpose of punishing crimes and protecting human rights.In criminal procedure of China,the competence to stand trial is introduced into the procedure for trial in absentia of serious illness,and the sys-tem design is based on"resumption of trial".On the one hand,it leads to contradictions between legal provisions;on the other hand,it leads to the lack of legislative purpose in practice.To improve the rules of the competence to stand trial in China's criminal proceedings,we should separate it from the procedure for trial in absentia and gradually turn to the connection with the procedure for treatment.It is necessary to strengthen the judicial judgment on the compe-tence to stand trial,clarify the starting conditions and standards of judicial expertise,strengthen the judge's knowl-edge shortage in judicial expertise by introducing the expert jury system,and further improve the system of appraisers appearing in court with no objection as an exception.

关 键 词：受审能力 缺席审判 治疗程序 鉴定人出庭 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]