有机合成类土壤改良剂的制备及其对沙化土壤抗蚀性的改良效果  

Preparation of Organic Synthetic Soil Amendments and Its Effects on Improving Erosion Resistance of Sandy Soil

作　　者：王竞铮 赵串串 王羽琴 谢林花 王御钦 王嘉怡 张莎 贾东瑾 Wang Jingzheng;Zhao Chuanchuan;Wang Yuqin;Xie Linhua;Wang Yuqin;Wang Jiayi;Zhang Sha;Jia Dongjin(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shannxi Universtiy of Science&Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710021,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology in Dry Areas of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Xi’an Lvhuan Forestry Technology Service Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院,陕西西安710021 [2]西安绿环林业技术服务有限责任公司旱区生态水文国家林业和草原局重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第2期32-40,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：企事业单位(青海省林业工程咨询中心)委托项目“青海省黄土丘陵区公益林生态效益监测项目”(210170051)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究以玉米芯、腐殖酸为原料制备纤维素基土壤结构改良剂对沙质土壤抗侵蚀性能的改良效果,为区域性水土流失治理工作提供科学参考。[方法]选择漆酶(Lac)和木素过氧化物酶(Lip)的单酶类型和双酶协同,设置3个酶活水平,2个玉米芯生物质添加处理,固定腐殖酸用量,通过水溶液聚合法制备纤维素基土壤改良剂。利用红外光谱对酶解产物及改良剂官能团进行表征,基于溶胀特性分析土壤保水持水能力和改良剂的网状特征,基于机械性和水稳性团聚体相关参数分析改良剂对沙质土壤抗蚀性的改良效果。[结果]①纤维素基土壤改良剂的吸纯水倍率为纯腐殖酸基改良剂的0.61~4.84倍。添加4 g漆酶(20 U)+木素过氧化物酶(20 U)酶解产物制备的土壤改良剂(LLP_(3-4))的吸纯水倍率最高,为66.7 g/g。改良剂溶胀过程符合Schott二级动力学模型。②与CK相比,3种酶解方案制备的改良剂(Lac_(3-4),Lip_(3-4)和LLP_(3-4))1%添加处理,土壤的饱和持水量提高了20%~60%;LLP_(3-4)可使机械性大团聚体和水稳性大团聚体(粒径>0.25 mm)含量分别增加了6倍和14倍,使土壤平均重量直径和几何平均直径分别增加了70.59%和46.67%,分形维数降低了21.36%。[结论]双酶预处理方案制备的纤维素基土壤改良剂可显著提升沙化土壤的保水持水能力及抗蚀性能。[Objective]The effects of cellulose-based soil amendments prepared from corn cobs and humic acid on erosion resistance of sandy soil were assessed in order to provide a scientific reference for the management of regional soil erosion problems.[Methods]One or two mixtures of laccase and lignin peroxidase,three enzyme activities,two corn cob biomass addition levels,and a fixed amount of humic acid were used to synthesize cellulose-based soil amendments through aqueous solution polymerization.Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize enzymatic hydrolysis products and functional groups of amendments.The water retention capacity and network characteristics of the amendments were analyzed based on their swelling characteristics.In addition,the effect of amendments on erosion resistance of sandy soil was also evaluated based on the parameters related to mechanical and water-stable aggregates.[Results]①The water absorbency of the cellulose-based soil amendments was about 0.61—4.84 times that of pure humic acid-based amendments for which the soil amendment prepared by adding 4 g of enzymatic hydrolysis products of laccase(20 U)and lignin peroxidase(20 U)hydrolysate had the highest water absorbency value(66.7 g/g).The swelling process of the soil amendment corresponded to Schott’s second-order kinetic model.②Compared with the control group,the addition of 1%amendments(Lac_(3-4),Lip_(3-4),and LLP_(3-4))synthesized by the three different enzymatic hydrolysis schemes increased the soil saturated water content by 20%—60%.LLP_(3-4)increased the content of mechanical macroaggregates and water-stable macroaggregates(>0.25 mm)by 6 and 14 times,respectively,and increased the average weight diameter and geometric average diameter of soil by 70.59%and 46.67%,respectively.The fractal dimension was decreased by 21.36%.[Conclusion]Cellulose-based soil amendments prepared by a dual-enzyme pretreatment scheme can significantly increase the water retention capacity and erosion resistance of sandy soil.

关 键 词：腐殖酸 玉米芯 酶解 土壤改良剂 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S157.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]