高速列车齿轮箱箱体动态疲劳寿命评估方法  

Dynamic fatigue life assessment method for high-speed train gearbox housing

作　　者：豆硕 刘鹏飞[1] 刘志明[2] 王文静[2] DOU Shuo;LIU Pengfei;LIU Zhiming;WANG Wenjing(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北石家庄050043 [2]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期1953-1965,共13页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3402904);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52072249);河北省教育厅青年科学基金资助项目(QN2024002)。

摘　　要：随着列车运行速度的提高,轮轨激励载荷的频率范围和能量急剧增大,齿轮箱箱体产生了明显的弹性振动响应,加速了箱体疲劳失效。为在服役振动环境下评估箱体的动态疲劳寿命,首先,基于模态叠加法建立考虑箱体动态特性的疲劳寿命评估方法,获取箱体单阶模态对疲劳寿命的贡献值。然后,建立高速列车齿轮传动系统台架模型,通过虚拟激振器施加线路实测的轮对振动加速度模拟齿轮箱的服役振动环境。最后,采用准静态叠加法和模态叠加法对箱体进行疲劳寿命评估。研究结果表明:台架模型结果与线路实测的箱体动应力响应波形和主频特征一致,应力有效值相对误差可以控制在10%以内,验证了模型的准确性。高频轮轨激励环境下箱体模态对疲劳寿命的影响较大,准静态叠加法无法准确反映箱体吊耳根部等危险点的疲劳寿命,箱体存在显著影响疲劳寿命的关键模态,为通过动态设计方法提高列车齿轮箱箱体疲劳性能提供了基础。As the train's speed increases,the frequency range and energy of the wheel-rail excitation load rapidly escalate,leading to a pronounced elastic vibration response in the gearbox housing.This excitation load exacerbates the fatigue failure within the gearbox housing.To assess the dynamic fatigue life of the gearbox housing in the service environment,first,based on the modal superposition method,a fatigue life assessment method considering the dynamic characteristics of the gearbox housing was established,which can obtain the contribution of the single-order modal of the gearbox housing to the fatigue life.Subsequently,a model of the highspeed train gear transmission system was established,and the service vibration environment of the gearbox was simulated by applying the measured wheel vibration acceleration of the test line through the virtual exciter.Finally,the fatigue life of the gearbox housing was evaluated using the quasi-static superposition method and the modal superposition method,respectively.The results show that the results of the bench model are consistent with the waveform and main frequency characteristics of dynamic stress measured by the test line,and the relative error of stress is within 10%,which verifies the accuracy of the model.The fatigue life of the housing is greatly affected by the model in high frequency wheel-rail excitation environment,and the quasi-static superposition method cannot accurately reflect the fatigue life of the housing dangerous points such as the hanging ear root,and there are some key modals which affect the housing fatigue life significantly.These findings serve as a foundation for enhancing the fatigue performance of the train gearbox housing through dynamic design methods.

关 键 词：高速列车 齿轮箱箱体 台架模型 动态疲劳寿命 

分 类 号：U270.12[机械工程—车辆工程]