从古典到现代:应用型大学的“创生”逻辑与“类型”超越  

From Classical to Modern:The Logic of"Creation"and the Transcendence of"Types"of Applied Universities in China

作　　者：陈明 冯用军 Chen Ming;Feng Yongjun

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学教育学院,山东济宁273165 [2]枣庄学院心理与教育科学学院,山东枣庄277160 [3]陕西师范大学教育学部,西安710062

出　　处：《江苏高教》2024年第6期25-37,共13页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年度教育学国家一般项目“职业教育混合所有制办学模式研究”(BJA210105);陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“‘一带一路’下陕西‘双一流’大学建设战略研究”(21SZYB11)。

摘　　要：知识逻辑与地域逻辑是应用型大学“创生”和通过“类型”超越实现高质量发展的核心要义。应用型大学的“创生”得益于现代大学从古典大学转型中迸发出来的勃勃生机,也植根于现代大学蕴含的“新知识”、民族性与民主化的血脉基因中,然而它们又被不同的国情和文化土壤所栽培,形成了不同形态的“应用型”大学。美国式大学的形态是模糊的,但精神却遍布在不同层次不同类型的高校中;德国式大学被推向了独立的“合法”地位;日本式大学本身是“科技发电站”。在高等教育大众化时代,中国创建了不同于传统大学的“新大学”——应用型大学;在高等教育普及化时代,应用型大学“理想化”“同质化”“线性化”的类型症结逐渐凸显。在加快建设教育强国的新时代,中国应用型大学集群必须从高等教育普及化时代的阶段性特征、个体探索的方法、生态环境营造等视界实现“类型”超越和应用型高等教育体系重构,支撑中国式高等教育现代化助力实现中国式现代化。Knowledge logic and regional logic are the core principles for the creation of applied universities and achieving high-quality development through"type"transcendence.The creation of applied universities benefits from the vitality that modern universities have generated in their transformation from classical universities,and is also rooted in the genes of"new knowledge",nationality,and democratization contained in modern universities.However,applied universities are cultivated by different national conditions and cultural soils,which result in different styles of"applied"universities.The American style of university is vague,but its spirit is spread across different levels and types of universities;The German style of university has been pushed towards an independent"legal"status;Japanese-style universities themselves are"technology power stations".In the era of mass higher education,China has created a"new-type university"that is different from traditional universities-applied university.In the era of popularization of higher education,the key issues of idealization,homogenization,and linearization in applied universities are gradually becoming prominent.In accelerating the construction of an educational power,Chinese applied university clusters must achieve"type"transcendence and the reconstruction of the applied higher education system from perspectives of phase characteristics of the era of popularization of higher education,individual exploration methods,and ecological environment creation,so as to support the modernization of Chinese higher education and help achieve Chinese path to modernization.

关 键 词：应用型大学 “创生”逻辑 “类型”超越 大学集群 教育强国 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]