高代次西杂母牛泌乳量、乳品质对犊牛生长发育和健康指标的影响研究  

Effects of milk production and milk quality on calf growth and health indexes of high-generation heifers

作　　者：马丽娜 高总元 高海慧 康晓冬 梁小军 MA Lina;GAO Zongyuan;GAO Haihui;KANG Xiaodong;LIANG Xiaojun(Institute of Animal Science,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002,China;Ningxia Shizuishan National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee,Shizuishan,Ningxia 750036,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏石嘴山国家农业科技园区管理委员会,宁夏石嘴山750036

出　　处：《中国饲料》2024年第11期61-66,共6页China Feed

基　　金：犊牛培育技术研究(NGSB-2021-12-04);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为研究高代次西杂母牛带哺乳奶公犊对犊牛生长发育、血清指标以及对母牛产后首次发情、配种的影响,试验选择产犊时间、胎次相近(3胎次)的生产高代次西杂母牛15头[体重(510±4.92)kg]及所产犊牛15头,西杂犊牛3月龄统一进行断奶,选择出生日期、体重相近的奶公犊[体重(40.49±2.54)kg]10头进行西杂母牛代哺乳。随机分为4组,对照组为母牛不带犊,试验1组母牛代哺乳奶公犊至产后4个月,即奶公犊30 d断奶,试验2组母牛代哺乳奶公犊至产后5个月,即奶公犊60 d断奶,试验3组母牛代哺乳奶公犊至产后6个月,即奶公犊90 d断奶。试验时间为2022年5月10日~11月15日,试验期180 d。测定挤奶量,并检测常乳中的营养成分含量,检测奶公犊的生长发育和血液生化指标。结果显示:(1)产后120、150 d和180 d平均日泌乳量较90 d分别提高了15.27%、34.34%、25.08%,月泌乳量分别提高了16.25%、37.42%、35.66%(P<0.01),150 d开始处于泌乳高峰期。乳脂在产后90 d显著高于平均乳脂率25.00%(P<0.05),产后120 d乳蛋白显著高于平均乳蛋白10.14%,乳糖显著高于平均乳糖6.38%(P<0.05)。(2)试验2、3组奶公犊120 d体重较试验1组分别提高3.97%、8.06%(P<0.05),试验2、3组奶公犊180 d体重较试验1组分别提高3.36%、7.06%(P<0.05)。试验2、3组犊牛谷草转氨酶(AST)分别较试验1组降低14.95%、11.32%(P<0.05),试验2组免疫球蛋白E(IgE)分别较试验1、3组提高4.31%、5.05%(P<0.05),试验2、3组犊牛白介素-2(IL-2)分别较试验1组降低3.17%、3.68%(P<0.05)。(3)对照组和试验1组母牛产后首次发情时间较试验2组减少28.09%、20.75%,较试验3组减少32.87%、25.90%(P<0.05),对照组和试验1组母牛产后配种时间较试验2组缩短25.80%、18.93%,较试验3组缩短29.50%、24.00%(P<0.05),对照组母牛发情第10天血清雌二醇(E2)水平较试验组提高30.80%、41.00%、45.00%,促卵泡激素(FSH)较试验组提高41.84%、52.75%、61.63%(P<0.The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of nursing male calves on calf growth and development,serum indexes,and first estrus and breeding of cows after farrowing.15 high-generation heifers[weighing(510±4.92)kg]and 15 calves born with similar calving time and parity(3 births)were selected,and 10 milk calves[(40.49±2.54)kg]with similar birth date and weight were selected for breastfeeding,and were randomly divided into 4 groups,the control group was cows without calves,and the cows in 1 group were breastfed until 4 months after giving birth,the milk calves were weaned for 30 days.The cows in the test group 2 were weaned for 5 months postpartum,the milk calves were weaned at 60 days,and the cows in the test group 3 were weaned for 6 months after delivery,the milk calves were weaned at 90 days.The test period was from May 10 to November 15,2022,with a test period of 180 days,to measure the milking amount,detect the content of nutrients in normal milk,and detect the growth and development and blood biochemical indicators of milk calves.The results showed that:(1)The average daily lactation volume of 120,150 days and 180 days after delivery increased by 15.27%,34.34%and 25.08%,and the monthly milk production increased by 16.25%,37.42%and 35.66%(P<0.01)respectively compared with 90 days,and the peak period of lactation began to be at 150 days.Milk fat was significantly higher than the average milk fat rate of 25.00%(P<0.05)at 90 days after delivery,milk protein was significantly higher than average milk protein by 10.14%at 120 days postpartum,and lactose was significantly higher than average lactose by 6.38%(P<0.05).(2)The body weight of the 120 d calves in the groups 2 and 3 increased by 3.97%and 8.06%(P<0.05)compared with the experimental group 1,and the weight of the milk calves in the 180 d of the experimental groups 2 and 3 increased by 3.36%and 7.06%(P<0.05)respectively compared with the experimental group 1.Compared with group 1,the aspartate aminotransferase(AST)of calves in groups 2 and 3 decr

关 键 词：高代次西杂 泌乳量 乳品质 奶公犊 生长发育 

分 类 号：S814[农业科学—畜牧学]