徐复观论儒家修己治人之道及其当代转进  

Xu Fuguan’s Theory of Confucian Way of Cultivating Oneself to Govern Others and Its Contemporary Progress

作　　者：陈世明 CHEN Shiming(School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2024年第3期97-103,共7页Journal of Hengshui University

摘　　要：修己治人是传统儒家政治哲学的核心议题,如果混淆儒家修己与治人的标准,极有可能导致道德政治化。徐复观追溯早期儒家区分修己与治人的历史依据,阐明儒家修己的标准是对君子和统治者而言,强调将自然生命不断向德性上提升,但决不在自然生命的要求上安设人生价值。治人的、政治上的标准是对普通民众而言,应以人民的自然生命的要求为标准。同时,他借鉴当代政治哲学中自由、民主、法治、人权等理念,从早期儒家的民本思想与“尊生”传统出发,反思和批判传统儒家异化的德治思想,使修己成为纯粹个人道德修养问题,治人成为公共性的政治治理问题。由此,徐复观进而提出儒家传统民本应向当代自由民主转进,教化上立人格之命,政治上立人权之命,权利与德性并重,以求超越现有的中西政治文明的狭隘思维及其弊端,具有重要的时代价值和思想史意义。Cultivating oneself to govern others is the core topic of traditional Confucian political philosophy.If its standards are confused,it is highly likely to lead to the politicization of morality.Xu Fuguan traced back to the historical basis of early Confucianism in distinguishing self-cultivation and governance over others,clarifying that the Confucian standard of self-cultivation is aimed at gentlemen and rulers,emphasizing continuously elevating natural life towards morality,but never setting human values on the requirements of natural life.The standard of governance and politics is aimed at ordinary people,and should be based on the requirements of people’s natural life.At the same time,drawing on contemporary political philosophy concepts such as freedom,democracy,the rule of law,and human rights,Xu Fuguan reflected on and criticized the alienated Confucian thought of moral governance from the perspective of the people-oriented thought and the tradition of respecting life in early Confucianism.He proposed that self-cultivation should be a purely personal moral cultivation issue,while governance over others should be a public political governance issue.As a result,Xu Fuguan further proposed that the traditional Confucian people-oriented thought should evolve towards contemporary freedom and democracy,establishing the destiny of personality in edification and the destiny of human rights in politics,emphasizing both rights and morality.This approach aims to transcend the narrow thinking and drawbacks of existing Chinese and Western political civilizations,and holds important contemporary value and significance in the history of thought.

关 键 词：徐复观 儒家 修己治人 民主政治 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]