一种基于相位误差校正技术的快速启动晶体振荡器  

A Fast Startup Crystal Oscillator Based on Phase-Error Correction Technique

作　　者：王子轩[1,2] 王山虎 王鑫 姚佳飞 张珺 胡善文[1,2] 蔡志匡[1,2] 郭宇锋[1,2] WANG Zi-xuan;WANG Shan-hu;WANG Xin;YAO Jia-fei;ZHANG Jun;HU Shan-wen;CAI Zhi-kuang;GUO Yu-feng(College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-assembly Technology,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学集成电路科学与工程学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京邮电大学射频与微组装技术国家地方联合工程实验室,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《电子学报》2024年第4期1182-1188,共7页Acta Electronica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.U22B2024,No.61974073);江苏省自然科学基金(No.BK20221271)。

摘　　要：随着超低功耗(Ultra-Low Power,ULP)物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)系统的发展,采用能量注入技术的快速启动晶体振荡器因对IoT系统功耗影响巨大而逐渐成为研究热点.能量注入技术可以显著降低晶体振荡器的启动时间和启动能量,但是对注入源的精度要求苛刻.为了扩大注入频偏容限以及实现高注入效率,本文提出了一种基于延迟锁定环的相位误差校正技术.该技术将注入频偏容限扩大到2%,启动过程的非注入持续时间仅为4个周期,实现了高效注入.本文所述晶体振荡器采用40 nm CMOS工艺设计并流片.在1.0 V电源电压下采用24 MHz晶体进行测试,当注入频偏高达2%时,实现了7.2μs的启动时间,启动能量为5.1 nJ.相比同频偏下的传统注入方案,启动时间缩短了99.66%.With the development of ultra-low power(ULP)Internet of Things(IoT)systems,fast startup crystal oscil⁃lators with energy injection techniques have gained popularity due to their significant impact on the power consumption of IoT systems.Energy injection technology can significantly reduce the startup time and startup energy of the crystal oscilla⁃tor but imposes strict restrictions on the accuracy of the injection source.To enlarge the injection frequency-mismatch toler⁃ance and achieve high-efficiency injection,this work presents a delay locked-loop assisted phase-error correction tech⁃nique.The injection frequency-mismatch tolerance is enlarged to 2%,and the non-injection duration of the start-up is only 4 cycles,achieving high injection efficiency.The proposed crystal oscillator is designed and fabricated in a 40 nm CMOS process.The prototype is tested with a 24 MHz crystal under 1.0 V supply.It achieves 7.2μs startup time and consumes 5.1 nJ startup energy under 2%-injection-frequency-mismatch injection.Compared to the traditional injection with 2%in⁃jection frequency mismatch,this work achieves a startup time shorted by 99.66%.

关 键 词：相位误差校正 晶体振荡器 快速启动 延迟锁定环 能量注入 

分 类 号：TP333[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]