野血牦牛和家养牦牛瘤胃发酵参数及微生物多样性的比较分析  

Comparative analysis of rumen fermentation parameters and microbial diversity of wild blood yaks and domestic yaks

作　　者：洛桑顿珠 平措占堆[1,2] 张强 孙光明[1,2] 索朗多吉 巴多 巴桑旺堆 LUOSANG Dunzhu;PINGCUO Zhandui;ZHANG Qiang;SUN Guangming;SUOLANG Duoji;BA Duo;BASANG Wangdui(Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850004,China;State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement,Lhasa 850000,China;Gerze county Administration of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Ngari Prefecture,Gerze County 859200,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850004 [2]省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,拉萨850000 [3]阿里地区改则县农业农村局,西藏改则县859200

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2024年第10期102-109,116,共9页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：西藏自治区自然科学基金项目“基于16S rRNA基因测序分析改则县野血牦牛与家养牦牛肠道微生物群落多样性研究”(XZ202101ZR0080G);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为了比较野血牦牛和家养牦牛瘤胃发酵参数及微生物组成的差异,试验选取年龄、体重相近且健康的野血牦牛和家养牦牛各10头(公母各半),分别为野血牦牛组和家养牦牛组,两组屠宰后采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃发酵参数(氨态氮、尿素氮、总氮、微生物蛋白和挥发性脂肪酸),并基于细菌16S rDNA基因序列比较分析两组瘤胃微生物组成的差异。结果表明:野血牦牛组瘤胃液中总氮含量、微生物蛋白质量浓度极显著高于家养牦牛组(P<0.01),氨态氮质量浓度、尿素氮浓度与家养牦牛组差异不显著(P>0.05);总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和正丁酸摩尔百分比极显著低于家养牦牛组(P<0.01),正戊酸摩尔百分比显著低于家养牦牛组(P<0.05),乙酸摩尔百分比极显著高于家养牦牛组(P<0.01),丙酸摩尔百分比显著高于家养牦牛组(P<0.05);异丁酸、异戊酸摩尔百分比及乙酸/丙酸与家养牦牛组差异不显著(P>0.05)。两组瘤胃共有1 963个核心操作性分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs),野血牦牛组和家养牦牛组特有的OTUs分别为18 542个和16 514个。在门水平上,两组的优势菌门均为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),二者占微生物总数的98%以上。在属水平上,野血牦牛组瘤胃中的优势菌属(相对丰度>2%)包括普氏菌属1(Prevotella_1)、细菌F082(Bacterium F082)、理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)、克里斯滕森菌科R-7群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)、拟杆菌目BS11肠道群(Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group)和瘤胃球菌科NK4A214群(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group),相对丰度分别为24.50%、14.68%、12.88%、6.50%、2.77%和2.70%;家养牦牛组瘤胃中的优势菌属分别为理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)、克里斯滕森菌科R-7群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)、瘤胃球菌科NK4A214(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)、琥珀酸菌(Succiniclasticum)、细菌F082(Bacterium F082)和拟杆菌目RF16群In order to compare the differences of rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition between wild blood yaks and domestic yaks,10 healthy wild blood yaks and domestic yaks with similar age and body weight were selected as wild blood yak group and domestic yaks group,respectively.Rumen fluid was collected after slaughter in the two groups.Rumen fermentation parameters(ammonia nitrogen,urea nitrogen,total nitrogen,microbial protein and volatile fatty acids) were determined,and the differences of rumen microbial composition between the two groups were compared on the basis of bacterial 16S rDNA gene sequence.The results showed that the total nitrogen content and microbial protein mass concentration in rumen fluid of wild blood yak group were extremely significantly higher than those of domestic yak group(P<0.01),but there were no significant differences in ammonia nitrogen mass concentration and urea nitrogen concentration between wild blood yak group and domestic yak group(P>0.05).The total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar percentage of n-butyric acid were extremely significantly lower than those in domestic yak group(P<0.01);the molar percentage of N-valeric acid was significantly lower than that in domestic yak group(P<0.05);the molar percentage of acetic acid was significantly higher than that in domestic yak group(P<0.01),and the molar percentage of propionic acid was significantly higher than that in domestic yak group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in molar percentage of isobutyric acid,isovaleric acid and acetic acid/propionic acid between wild blood yak group and domestic yak group(P>0.05).There were 1 963 core operational taxonomic units(OTUs)in the rumen of the two groups,and 18 542 and 16 514 unique OTUs in the wild blood yak group and domestic yak group,respectively.At the phylum level,Bacteroidete and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteroidete and Firmicutes in both groups,accounting for more than 98% of the total microorganisms.At the generic level,the dominant bacte

关 键 词：牦牛 野血牦牛 家养牦牛 瘤胃发酵参数 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S823.8*5[农业科学—畜牧学]