2011-2021年甘肃省生态环境质量综合评价及时空演变特征分析  

Assessment and spatial-temporal evolution of ecological environment in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2021

作　　者：温煜华[1] WEN Yuhua(Gansu Development Research Institute,Department of Social and Ecological Civilization,Gansu Provincial Party School,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中共甘肃省委党校(甘肃行政学院)社会和生态文明教研部,兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第6期110-119,共10页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：甘肃省社科规划项目(2021YB141);甘肃省重大项目研究阐释第十四次党代会精神专项(ZD007);2022年甘肃省委党校创新工程科研咨询项目(2022ZX01)资助。

摘　　要：以甘肃省14个市州为评价单元,耦合PSR模型和InVEST模型对2011-2021年甘肃省生态环境质量进行评价,并分析其演变规律及影响因素。结果表明:运用PSR模型和InVEST模型评价的生态环境质量格局非常相似,PSR模型在分析人类活动对环境的影响方面更具优势,InVEST模型在刻画生态环境质量分异方面更精细,两种方法具有优势互补、相互验证的功效。从时间格局来看,2011-2021年甘肃省生态环境质量经历了从较差-一般-良-优的持续向好转变过程,生境质量指数也逐年提高。1)由于人类活动对生态环境造成的压力不断减少。2)人类采取有效措施消除了对生态环境的负面影响,使得生态环境治理成果显著。从空间格局来看,以重工业为主的资源型城市生态压力大于农业型城市。基于PSR模型和InVEST模型计算的生态环境综合指数和生境质量都是自南向北逐渐降低。甘肃省生态环境质量变化是自然环境与人类活动叠加的体现,也是生态环境演变的内在机理。The 14 cities in Gansu was taken as examples to evaluate the ecological environment quality and analyze its evolutionary patterns and influencing factors from 2011 to 2021 based on coupling PSR model and InVEST model.The results indicate that the spatial distribution of ecological environment quality that is evaluated using PSR model and InVEST model is very similar.The PSR model has more advantages in analyzing the impact of human activities on the environment,while the InVEST model is more refined in characterizing the differentiation of ecological environment quality.The two methods have complementary advantages and mutual verification effects.From the perspective of time,the ecological environment quality has undergone a continuous transformation from poor to average,to good,and to excellent,the habitat quality index has also been increasing year by year.On one hand,the pressures on the ecological environment caused by human activities is constantly decreasing,on the other hand,effective measures have been taken by humans to eliminate the negative impact on the ecological environment,resulting in significant achievements in ecological environment governance.From the perspective of spatial patern,the ecological pressure for resource-based cities that are dominated by heavy industry is greater than that of agricultural cities.The comprehensive ecological environment index and habitat quality index calculated based on the PSR model and InVEST model gradually decrease from south to north.The change of ecological environment quality in Gansu Province is a reflection of the superposition of natural environment and human response,and also an internal mechanism of ecological environment evolution.

关 键 词：生态环境评价 生态环境治理 PSR模型 InVEST模型 甘肃省 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]