基于遥感生态指数的青藏公路典型路段路域生态环境质量评估与分析  

Assessment and analysis on roadside ecological environment quality along typical sections of Qinghai-Tibet Highway based on remote sensing ecological indices

作　　者：杨鹏 周安娜 傅楷翔 王欲坤 罗欢 YANG Peng;ZHOU Anna;FU Kaixiang;WANG Yukun;LUO Huan(CCCC HEMEI Eco-Environmental Construction Co.Ltd.,Wuhan 430000;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中交和美环境生态建设有限公司,武汉430000 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第5期39-48,共10页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：基于遥感影像大数据的青藏公路动植物保护关键技术研究(KJFZ-2020-002)资助。

摘　　要：青藏公路是我国重要的交通线,其沿线生态环境质量受到学者的广泛关注,如何全面、快速和准确地对其生态环境质量进行评估极为重要。文中以GEE(Google earth engine)平台为技术支撑,以2010年青藏公路第五次改建工程为研究切入点,选取2005-2020年那曲至安多段中轴线两侧5km提取绿度(NDVI)、热度(LST)、干度(NDSI)和湿度(WET)四个指标,利用主成分分析法(PCA)构建遥感生态指数(RSEI)模型对青藏公路沿线生态环境质量进行评估,并使用变异系数对其波动性进行分析。结果表明:1)RSEI四个分指标中,热度是影响研究区生态环境质量的主要指标。2)2005-2020年,研究区生态环境质量波动上升,总体明显改善,改善面积达1424.34km2,占比99.71%,恶化区域主要集中在北部安多段附近。3)研究区生态环境质量等级由较差为主转变为以较好为主,等级为优和较好的区域占比明显增加;中等、差和较差区域占比有所降低,其中RSEI优和良的比例由2005年的0.21%和1.25%上升至2020年9.46%和88.31%。Qinghai-Tibet Highway is an important transportation line in China,and the ecological environment quality along its route has been widely concerned by scholars.How to comprehensively,quickly and accurately assess its ecological environment quality is essential.Taking the GEE(Google earth engine)platform as the technical support,the fifth reconstruction project of Qinghai-Tibet Highway in 2010 as the research entry point,5km on both sides of the central axis of the section from Naqu to Amdo from 2005 to 2020 are selected to extract the four indexes of greenness(NDVI),heatiness(LST),dryness(NDSI),and humidity(WET),and a remote sensing ecological index is constructed by utilizing the principal component analysis(PCA)method,to construct the Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)model to assess the ecological environment quality along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway,and its volatility is analyzed by using the coefficient of variation.The results show that:1)Among the four sub-indices of RSEI,heat is the main indicator affecting the ecological environment quality in the study area.2)From 2005 to 2020,the ecological environmental quality of the study area fluctuated and increased,showing an overall significant improvement,and the improved area was 1424.34km²,accounting for 99.71%of the total study area,and the deteriorated area was mainly concentrated in the northern part near the Ando section.3)The grade of ecological environment quality in the study area has changed from mainly poor to mainly good,and the proportion of areas with excellent and better grades has increased significantly,the proportion of areas with medium,poor and worse grades has decreased,of which the proportion of RSEI in excellent and good levels had increased from 0.21%and 1.25%in 2005 to 9.46%and 88.31%in 2020,respectively.

关 键 词：遥感生态指数(RSEI) 青藏公路 路域 生态环境质量 

分 类 号：U419[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]