观影者视角下的神话再讲述:基于网络影评定性分析的观众研究  

Myth Retelling from the Movie Viewer's Perspective:A Qualitative Analysis of the Audience-Driven Online Film Reviews

作　　者：李靖 LI Jing(Gettysburg College)

机构地区：[1]美国葛底茨堡大学东亚系

出　　处：《西北民族研究》2024年第2期70-83,共14页Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国神话资源的创造性转化与当代神话学的体系建构”(编号:18ZDA268)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着神话主义理论的提出,学者们对神话传统在影视媒介中的再讲述机制作了颇有新意的探讨,这种再讲述得以实现并形成社会实践层面的意义场域在于观影者。因此,影视媒介中的神话主义的研究仍需要走向实体的观众和他们在解码过程中展现的充满主体性的观影感受。通过思考传播学和影视领域中实体观众研究的不同趋向,文章把由观影者自发主导的网络影评作为一个有效的定性分析对象,并以豆瓣网中对动画片《女娲补天》跨越15年的影评为个案,在理论层面探讨观影者如何体验、解读并形塑影视媒介化下的神话再讲述。对这个个案的分析表明,以个性化写作、平民化视角和草根情结为特质的网络影评在突显新媒体时代主体经验的多元自发表述方面有独特的优势,而且影评中最为普遍长久的话题清晰地映射出神话传统通过动画媒介观众而形成的衍生和意义生产过程,包括女娲神话传统的承继和再造的神话体验,不同神话脉络跨时空表达的差异性与意义生产,以及通过对当下语境中动画民族情结和女性主义话语的参与而实现的再制码和意义的延展。With the theoretical paradigm shift towards mythologism,scholars have embarked on innovative studies concerning the retelling mechanism of mythology within the realms of film and television media.However,it is the audience who serves as the catalyst for these retellings and the subsequent process of meaning-making at the social practice level.Consequently,it becomes imperative to investigate audiences as active agents of subjectivity and their viewing-interpretive experiences during the decoding process.By critically examining various trends in media audience research,this article proposes self-initiated,audiencedriven online film reviews as an effective qualitative analytical approach.Through a case study of Douban.com's 15-year documentation of film reviews on"Nuwa Butian",this research seeks to elucidate how viewers engage with and interpret the mediated retellings of mythology in film and television.This case study illustrates that online film reviews,characterized by their individuality and grassroots perspectives and emotions,not only possess unique strengths in accentuating the diversity and plurality of subjective experiences in the New Media era,but also offer insight into the processes of reconstruction and meaning-making through the audience's engagement with the most shared and enduring topics.It enhances our comprehension of the continuity of Niwa mythology and the reconstructed mythological experiences,the diverse configurations of various mythological threads and their meanings across different contexts,as well as the re-encoding and reshaping of meanings through engagement with nationalistic and feminist discourses in contemporary China.

关 键 词：神话主义 神话再讲述 影视媒介 《女娲补天》 网络影评 受众/观众研究 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]