中药多糖口服吸收及其标记技术研究进展  

Oral Absorption and Labeling Techniques of Traditional Chinese Medicine Polysaccharides:A Review

作　　者：朱卫丰[1] 邓双雁 欧阳辉[1] 杨雯静 付佳宁 韦黄庆 李琼[1] ZHU Weifeng;DENG Shuangyan;OUYANG Hui;YANG Wenjing;FU Jianing;WEI Huangqing;LI Qiong(Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,China;Jiangzhong Food Therepy Co.Ltd.,Jiujiang 332020,China)

机构地区：[1]江西中医药大学,南昌330004 [2]江西江中食疗科技有限公司,江西九江332020

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第12期261-269,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：江西省科技厅揭榜挂帅项目(20223BBG71002);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1702902,2019YFC1712300);江西省2023年度研究生创新专项(YC2023-S763)。

摘　　要：多糖是中药重要的物质基础,具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等多种药理活性。因中药多糖相对分子质量大,对其结构解析及口服吸收机制的研究都面临技术挑战,当前对其构效关系的研究取得了一定突破,而口服吸收机制研究相对缓慢。深入研究中药多糖的口服吸收机制不仅对解释其在体内的作用路径和药效发挥至关重要,还有助于其药理作用的解释、临床的合理应用和新作用靶点的发现。近年来,随着荧光标记法、同位素标记法的应用为多糖的口服吸收研究提供了新的技术手段,推动了中药多糖口服吸收研究的发展。该文综述了中药多糖的口服吸收途径及标记技术,认为其可通过跨膜、细胞旁路、M细胞介导的转运等途径口服吸收,其中跨膜途径是主要的吸收途径,并对4种荧光标记法和同位素标记法与中药多糖的标记反应进行了归纳总结,为评价中药多糖的吸收途径、筛选活性中药多糖、建立药效模型及全面阐明中药多糖的作用机制提供参考。Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides are widely used in biomedicine,food,and other fields due to their rich pharmacological activities and low toxicity.Current research mainly focuses on their structural analysis,biological activities,mechanisms of action,and structure-activity relationships,with relatively less study on their absorption.Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides are primarily administered orally,but due to their large molecular weight,they are not easily absorbed through the intestinal epithelial cells into the bloodstream,thus there is a lack of clear understanding on how they are absorbed and utilized after oral administration.In-depth study of the absorption mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides is not only crucial for explaining their pathways of action and pharmacological effects in the body but also aids in interpreting their pharmacological actions,rational clinical use,and the discovery of new targets for action.In recent years,the application of fluorescence labeling and isotope labeling techniques has provided new technical means for the study of oral absorption of polysaccharides,advancing research in this area.This article reviews the oral absorption pathways of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides and labeling techniques,suggesting that they can be absorbed orally through transmembrane,paracellular,and M cell-mediated transport pathways,among which the transmembrane pathway is the primary route of absorption.Fluorescence labeling and isotope labeling are the commonly used methods for studying the absorption of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides.The article also summarizes the four types of labeling reactions with these polysaccharides,providing references for evaluating the absorption pathways of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides,screening for active polysaccharides,establishing pharmacodynamic models,and fully elucidating the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides.

关 键 词：中药 多糖 口服吸收 构效关系 标记技术 结构解析 药效模型 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R969.1[医药卫生—中医学] R28[理学—有机化学] O629[理学—化学]