采石场废弃地植被恢复效果:以北京房山区大石窝镇采石场为例  

Vegetation restoration effect in abandoned quarries: A case study of Dashiwo Town quarry in Fangshan District, Beijing

作　　者：侍柳彤 史常青[1] 赵廷宁[1] 邱军付 赵艳婷 李庆飞 张玉强 SHI Liutong;SHI Changqing;ZHAO Tingning;QIU Junfu;ZHAO Yanting;LI Qingfei;ZHANG Yuqiang(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing SUSTech Blue Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;Zhangjiakou Lingguan Temple Forest Farm,Zhangjiakou 076161,Hebei,China;Beijing Construction Engineering Road and Bridge Group Co.Ltd,Beijing 100123,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京南科大蓝色科技有限公司,北京100083 [3]张家口市灵官庙林场,河北张家口076161 [4]北京建工路桥集团有限公司,北京100123

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第5期1416-1425,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：企事业单位委托科技项目(2020HXFWSBXY020)资助。

摘　　要：为了解采石场废弃地植被恢复效果,以北京市房山区大石窝镇采石场废弃地为对象,通过野外调查,运用主成分分析、冗余分析及相关性分析等方法,对不同恢复模式下的植被恢复效果及其影响因子进行研究。结果表明:采石场废弃地共有植物17科32属33种,以草本植物为主,其中禾本科、菊科种类最多,优势种为紫花苜蓿、青蒿、狗尾草等;自然恢复区和未治理区的物种多样性和丰富度高但植被覆盖度低,人工修复下的植被覆盖度和生物量高但物种多样性差,且相同恢复模式不同地形的植被恢复效果表现出坡下>坡中>坡上,平地优于坡面;土壤养分与植被盖度、生物量呈正相关,与物种数、多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数均呈负相关,其中有效磷与植被盖度的相关性最大,而土壤养分主要受到恢复模式的影响;恢复模式对植被恢复效果的影响较大,其对植被盖度影响最大(r=0.940),地形因子的影响较小,坡位和坡度对丰富度指数的影响最大(r=0.633、-0.656)。今后都市周边采石场废弃地进行生态修复时可以将自然恢复和人工修复两种模式相结合,同时喷播绿化时可多选取乡土植物种,结合植苗技术,以增加物种多样性、提高群落稳定性。研究结果为今后指导矿山生态修复和改善植被恢复效果提供了科学依据。We analyzed vegetation restoration effects and influencing factors under different restoration modes of the abandoned quarry in Dashiwo Town,Fangshan District,Beijing,on the basis of field investigation,principal component analysis,redundancy analysis,and correlation analysis.There were 33 plant species from 17 families and 32 genera in the abandoned quarry,mainly herbaceous species.Gramineae and Compositae had the most species,and the dominant species were Medicago sativa,Artemisia annua,and Setaria viridis.The natural restoration area and the untreated area had high species diversity and richness but low vegetation coverage,while the artificial restoration area had high coverage and biomass but poor species diversity.The vegetation restoration effect of different terrains with the same restoration mode followed a pattern of lower slope>middle slope>upper slope,and the flat land was better than the slope.Soil nutrient contents were positively correlated with vegetation coverage and biomass,and negatively correlated with species number,diversity index,evenness index and richness index.The correlation between available phosphorus and vegetation coverage was the strongest,while soil nutrients were mainly affected by restoration modes.Restoration mode had a significant impact on vegetation restoration effect,with the largest impact on vegetation coverage(r=0.940).Topographic factors had a small impact,and the slope position and slope had the largest impact on the richness index(r=0.633,-0.656,respectively).In the future,the combination of natural restoration and artificial restoration can be applied in abandoned quarry areas.More native plant species can be selected for seed spraying,combined with seedling techniques to increase species diversity and improve community stability.The results provide a theoretical basis for guiding ecological restoration of mines and improving the effect of vegetation restoration in the future.

关 键 词：采石场废弃地 植被恢复 地形因子 土壤养分 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q948[生物学—植物学]