法律人工智能新范式:封闭与开放的二元兼容  

New Paradigm of Legal Artificial Intelligence:Binary Compatibility of Closedness and Openness

作　　者：余成峰 Yu Chengfeng

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第3期586-606,共21页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“系统论视野下的数字法治基本问题研究”(项目编号:22AZD149)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：符号主义与联结主义两种经典人工智能范式,以及由此形成的基于规则和基于数据的法律推理模型,对应于规范封闭与认知开放这一古老的法理学命题。符号主义强调规范的封闭,联结主义强调认知的开放,两条路径代表了两种迥异的技术范式,在其背后潜藏着深刻的哲学思想差异,并导向两种完全不同的法律发展模式。法律人工智能的封闭与开放,因此涵盖了一系列重要的二元论法理学命题。可以围绕这组二元概念,在形式理性法和实质理性法的思想传统中,借助系统论法学的概念工具,重构人工智能法学的核心理论命题。大数据智能技术的单向驱动,将在法律的社会、时间和事实面向引发深刻的法律变异。这要求从法律的功能、领域、过程和结构层面,重新定位法律人工智能的三种演化类型。应当从规范封闭与认知开放的二元兼容视角,发展更为复杂的法律理论,以此设计法律人工智能的发展路线图,引导数字时代智能法律的良性发展。Symbolism and connectionism are two classic paradigms of artificial intelligence,leading to rule-based and data-based legal reasoning models,respectively.These models correspond to the age-old jurisprudential proposition of normative closure and cognitive openness.Symbolism emphasizes the closure of norms,while connectionism focuses on the openness of cognition.These two paths represent distinct technological paradigms,underpinned by deep philosophical differences,leading to two entirely different legal development models.Thus,the openness and closure of legal AI encompass a range of important dualistic jurisprudential propositions.Around this dual concept,within the intellectual traditions of formal rational law and substantive rational law,using the conceptual tools of systems theory jurisprudence,the core theoretical propositions of Al in law can be reconstructed.The unilateral drive of big data intelligence technology will provoke profound legal mutations across the social,temporal,and factual dimensions of law.This demands a reevaluation of the functions,domains,processes,and structures of legal Al,defining three types of evolutionary paths.From the dual perspective of normative closure and cognitive openness,more complex legal theories should be developed to design the developmental roadmap for legal Al,guiding the healthy evolution of intelligent law in the digital age.

关 键 词：法律人工智能 规范封闭 认知开放 个性化法律 反思法 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] D90[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]