扭力理论视角下的性别歧视对中学生自杀行为的影响  

The impact of gender discrimination on suicide behaviors among junior and senior school students from the perspective of Strain Theory

作　　者：陈熙 孙子轩 周华珍 吕书红[3] CHEN Xi;SUN Zi-xuan;ZHOU Hua-zhen;LU Shu-hong(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,北京100875 [2]中国社会科学院大学,北京100732 [3]中国健康教育中心,北京100011

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2024年第4期362-367,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：科技部“一带一路”创新人才交流外国专家项目:“重大突发事件中的心理健康危机识别与干预机制模型建构”(项目编号:DL2022201002L)。

摘　　要：目的基于扭力理论探究中学生自杀行为的影响因素,重点关注性别歧视对中学生自杀行为的影响,为制定预防和干预中学生自杀行为提供科学循证依据。方法于2020年9-11月采用分层随机整群抽样法,对全国10个省(自治区、直辖市)的11931名在校中学生遭受性别歧视与自杀行为的状况进行问卷调查,运用χ^(2)检验分析不同特征中学生遭受性别歧视与自杀行为的现状,运用二元Logistic回归分析方法分析性别歧视对中学生自杀行为的影响。结果在调查对象中,男生、女生分别占50.6%、49.4%,城市户籍、非城市户籍的中学生分别占38.8%、61.2%,初中生、高中生分别占21.9%、78.1%,留守或流动与非留守或流动中学生分别占21.5%、78.5%。调查对象自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀未遂的报告率分别为14.4%、8.6%、7.2%,其中女生的报告率均显著高于男生。调查对象性别歧视(家庭、学校、社会)的报告率分别为22.5%、22.9%、24.1%;其中高中生高于初中生,非城市户籍中学生高于城市户籍中学生,留守或流动中学生高于非留守或流动中学生。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,以未遭受性别歧视者为参照,遭受家庭、学校以及社会性别歧视的中学生,自杀意念(OR=2.482,95%CI:2.226~2.768;OR=2.074,95%CI:1.858~2.315;OR=1.993,95%CI:1.787~2.223)、自杀计划(OR=2.674,95%CI:2.342~3.053;OR=2.319,95%CI:2.029~2.650;OR=2.335,95%CI:2.045~2.665)、自杀未遂(OR=2.928,95%CI:2.539~3.376;OR=2.469,95%CI:2.139~2.850;OR=2.442,95%CI:2.117~2.816)的报告率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。结论在校中学生自杀行为的报告率较高,性别歧视是中学生遭遇心理扭力的重要动因,是促成其自杀行为的重要诱因。可通过开展性别平等、生命价值教育,培养其危机识别和应对策略,减少心理扭力,降低自杀行为的发生率。Objective To explore the influencing factors of suicide behaviors in junior and senior school students based on Strain Theory with a focus on the impact of gender discrimination on suicide behavior,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention on suicide behavior among junior and senior school students.Methods From September to November 2020,a stratified random sampling method,PPS sampling method and cluster sampling method were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the situation of gender discrimination and suicide behaviors among 11931 junior and senior school students in 10 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)across China.The Chi-square test was used to analyze the current situation of gender discrimination and suicide behaviors among students with different characteristics,and the Binary logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the impact of gender discrimination on suicide behavior among junior and senior school students.Results Among the respondents,boys accounted for 50.6%and girls accounted for 49.4%,urban students accounted for 38.8%and non-urban students accounted for 61.2%,junior school students accounted for 21.9%and senior school students accounted for 78.1%,left-behind or migrant students accounted for 21.5%and the other students accounted for 78.5%.The reporting rates of suicide ideation,suicide plan,and attempted suicide were 14.4%,8.6%,and 7.2%,respectively.The reporting rates in girls were significantly higher than those in boys.The reporting rates of gender discrimination(family,school and society)were 22.5%,22.9%and 24.1%,respectively.The reporting rates in senior school students were higher than those in junior school students,the reporting rates in non-urban students were higher than those in urban students,and the reporting rates in left-behind or migrant students were higher than those in the other students.The results of Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the students who suffered gender discrimination in family,school and soci

关 键 词：扭力理论 性别歧视 自杀行为 中学生 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]