从“柔弱美”走向“健美”:20世纪30年代中国女性身体观的文化嬗变  

From"Soft Beauty"to"Fit Beauty":Cultural Transformations in the View of the Female Body in China in the 1930s

作　　者：李楠 孙淑慧[3] LI Nan;SUN Shuhui(Institute of Sports History,Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu 610041,China;School of History and Culture,Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu 61o04l,China;Academic Journal Center,Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]成都体育学院体育史研究所,成都610041 [2]成都体育学院历史文化学院,成都610041 [3]成都体育学院学术期刊中心,成都610041

出　　处：《体育与科学》2024年第3期45-53,共9页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“改革开放以来中国体育发展史研究”,项目号:18ATY011。

摘　　要：文章运用身体社会学原理,借助社会文化史考察大众文化、生活方式和社会风尚变迁的视角,来探讨20世纪30年代女性身体观念的建构。爬梳“健美”这一西式话语在中国的转译与传播,近代中国女性的身体观由传统的以“弱”为美转向以“健”为美,并成为流行一时的社会文化景观。在此过程中,包含了国族期许、科学知识与消费主义三种主要意识形态间的复杂交织、转换与相斥。研究发现:近代女性身体观发生变化源于国家为改变衰败现状要求女性服从于强国强种的政治需求,“健美”因时而创。与此同时,女性解放思潮也让女性主张身体的自我掌控,在这样的拉扯中,科学话语和消费话语成为不同立场人群的发声工具,而体育运动则是被各方话语认可的、塑造女性身体外显的重要手段,“健美”也由此完成了中国本土话语的转变,延展成为建构20世纪30年代女性身体观的关键线索。This article explores the construction of the modern female body in the 193s through the theoretical lens of socio-cultural history,which examines changes in popular culture,lifestyles,and social mores.The article examines the complex interplay,transformation,and confrontation among three major ideologies:National expectations,scientific knowledge,and consumerism,based on the translation and dissemination of the Western-style discourse of"fit beauty"in China.The study finds that the changing perception of the female body in modern times stems from the political need for women to be subordinated to a strong nation and a strong race in order to change the state's declining status,and that""fit beauty"was created at the same time.Besides,the trend of women's liberation also made women advocate the self-control of their bodies.In this way,scientific discourse and consumer dis-:course were manipulated as tools for the voices of people with different positions,while""sports"were recognized by all discourses as an important means of shaping the outward appearance of women's bodies.On the basis,"fit beauty"thus completed the transformation of the local Chinese discourse and became a key thread in the construction of female body views.

关 键 词：健美 近代体育 身体解放 女性体育 

分 类 号：G812.9[文化科学—体育学]