2021年濮阳市中小学生近视现况及影响因素分析  

Prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Puyang City,2021

作　　者：李国星[1,2] 张婉雪[3] 周益国 杜娟 卢庆彬[1,3,4,5] 杨翠平[2] LI Guoxing;ZHANG Wanxue;ZHOU Yiguo;DU Juan;LU Qingbin;YANG Cuiping(Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology&Vaccine Research Center,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Puyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Puyang,Henan 457000,China;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research&Global Health and Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Group,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(Peking University),Ministry of Education,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院卫生检验学系&疫苗评价中心,北京100191 [2]濮阳市疾病预防控制中心,河南濮阳457000 [3]北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京100191 [4]北京大学全球感染病防控技术和政策研究中心&全球卫生与传染病防控学科群,北京100191 [5]重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学),北京100191

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第5期528-531,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解濮阳市中小学生近视现况及其影响因素,为采取适宜的近视干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取濮阳市1个区和2个县共16所学校的4804名中小学生进行视力检查和视力不良影响因素专项问卷调查。采用χ^(2)检验进行不同人群的近视率比较;采用logistic回归模型分析近视发生的影响因素。结果2021年濮阳市中小学生近视检出率为69.61%。其中女生近视检出率为73.45%,男生近视检出率为65.95%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。随着学段的升高,近视检出率呈现出较为明显的上升趋势(趋势检验结果P<0.001)。logistic回归模型分析提示,躺着趴着看书或电子屏幕(OR=1.315,95%CI:1.077~1.605)是近视的危险因素;而根据身高调整课桌椅高度(OR=0.844,95%CI:0.732~0.974),在学校做眼保健操(OR=0.717,95%CI:0.621~0.828),读写时眼睛距书本超过一尺(OR=0.765,95%CI:0.666~0.879),老师提醒注意读写姿势(OR=0.840,95%CI:0.732~0.964),看电视距离屏幕超过3 m(OR=0.862,95%CI:0.748~0.994),近距离用眼时休息一次眼睛间隔时间短(OR=0.720,95%CI:0.619~0.838),睡眠时间充足(OR=0.807,95%CI:0.687~0.949)是近视的保护因素。结论濮阳市中小学生的近视检出率处于较高水平,减少近距离用眼时间和保持良好的用眼习惯及读写姿势对于改善近视至关重要。Objective To survey the current status of myopia and its affecting factors among primary and secondary school students in Puyang City,and to provide a reference basis for adopting appropriate myopia intervention measures.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4,804 primary and secondary school students from 16 schools in 1 district and 2 counties of Puyang City.Visual examination was performed,and then we conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate the factors affecting poor eyesight.χ^(2) test was applied to comparing the prevalence rate of myopia among different groups,and logistic regression model was employed to identify the factors affecting the occurrence of myopia.Results In 2021,the detection rate of myopia among the primary and secondary school students in Puyang City was 69.61%,with 73.45%for female students and 65.95%for male ones and showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.001).With the increase of school stage,the detection rate of myopia showed a significant upward trend(P<0.001).Multiple logistic regression model revealed that lying down reading books or watching electronic screens(OR=1.315,95%CI:1.077-1.605)was a risk factor for myopia.Adjusting the height of desks and chairs based on students’height(OR=0.844,95%CI:0.732-0.974),doing eye exercises at school(OR=0.717,95%CI:0.621-0.828),keeping the distance between the eyes and the book one foot while reading and writing(OR=0.765,95%CI:0.666-0.879),the teacher reminding students to pay attention to reading and writing posture(OR=0.840,95%CI:0.732-0.964),keeping the distance between the eyes and the TV screen 3 meters while watching TV(OR=0.862,95%CI:0.748-0.994),short-rest interval of eyes during near work(OR=0.720,95%CI:0.619-0.838)and sufficient sleep time(OR=0.807,95%CI:0.687-0.949)were protective factors for myopia.Conclusion The detection rate of myopia among the primary and secondary school students in Puyang City in 2021 was at a high level.Reducing the time of near work and maintaining good h

关 键 词：中小学生 近视 影响因素 濮阳市 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]