非课堂经历对大学生能力发展的影响研究——基于313所高校学生的证据  

Research on the Influence of Out-of-Class Experience on Undergraduate Ability Development:Based on Evidence from Students at 313 Universities

作　　者：苟斐斐 周信杉 GOU Feifei;ZHOU Xinshan(Northwest Normal University,LanZhou 730070;Guangxi Minzu University,NanNing 530006)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学教育科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]广西民族大学教育科学学院,广西南宁530006

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2024年第5期38-45,共8页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“高质量教育体系建设:理念、标准、机制与方法”(21AZD068)的研究成果。

摘　　要：非课堂活动对能力发展的影响是院校持续改进和学生抉择活动参与的基石。通过对139971份调查数据和17份文本资料分析发现:非课堂经历对综合能力、认知能力、非认知能力均产生显著正向预测作用,预测力为0.235、0.157、0.313;各种非课堂经历对大学生能力发展的预测力依次排序为学术活动经历、社会实践活动经历、体育活动经历、社团活动经历,其中体育活动效能突显,社团活动效能不佳;非课堂经历主要以“显性”的方式影响认知能力发展,以“隐性”的方式影响非认知能力发展。院校应鼓励和支持学生参与非课堂活动,规范与引导社团组织良性发展;学生应有取舍地参与非课堂活动,完善能力结构;学界应关注农村籍大学生非课堂经历,为实现高等教育过程公平奠定基础。The influence of out-of-class activities on ability development is the cornerstone of the continuous improvement of the university and the choice of students to participate in activities.Through in-depth analysis of 139,971 survey data and 17 text materials,it is found that out-of-class experience has significantly positive predictive effect on comprehensive ability,cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability,with predictive power of 0.235,0.157 and 0.313.The predictive power of all kinds of out-of-class experiences on ability development was ranked as academic activity experience,social practice experience,sports activity experience and community activity experience;the efficiency of sports activity was prominent,while the efficiency of community activity was poor.Out-of-class experience mainly affects the cognitive ability development in an“explicit”way and the non-cognitive ability development in a“implicit”way.Colleges and universities should encourage and support students to participate in out-of-class activities and regulate and guide the healthy development of community organizations.Students should participate in out-of-class activities selectively to improve their ability structure.The academic circle should pay attention to the out-of-class experience of rural students to lay a foundation for the fairness of the higher education process.

关 键 词：大学生 非课堂经历 能力发展 过程公平 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]