存在一元论能否合理地解释空间的本质?——以布拉德雷、西田几多郎和不二论吠檀多为例  

Does Existence Monism Reasonably Explain the Nature of Space?The Cases of F. H. Bradley, Nishida Kitarō and Advaita Vedānta

作　　者：张励耕 ZHANG Li-geng(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期26-35,共10页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“布拉德雷著作的翻译与研究”(项目号:2021NTSS31)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：无论在日常生活还是哲学思辨当中,如何理解空间的本质都是一个重要话题,比如哲学家们往往会争论空间是否具有实在性、是否仅仅是对象间的关系等。而作为一种形而上学立场,存在一元论有着其独特的理论魅力,却在解释空间等基础性概念时遇到了各种困难,因为空间所暗含的区分或差异很难与存在一元论所主张的唯一的存在者相调和。本文对三种相似却又不同的存在一元论——英国的布拉德雷哲学、日本的西田几多郎哲学、印度的不二论吠檀多哲学——分别做出考察,分析其在各自理论框架下给出的对空间本质的解释,并分别指出这些解释包含的困难:布拉德雷没有前后一致地使用“矛盾”概念,并且有循环论证的嫌疑;西田很难合理地说明绝对的“无”如何能产生“有”;不二论则未能融贯地解释“梵”与世界究竟是等同的还是不等同的。以此为基础,本文试图指出存在一元论本身的某种缺陷,即它从根本上无法调和“一”与“多”之间的矛盾。这样的比较研究有助于我们超越文化和时代上的差异,更深入地理解不同哲学所面对的共同问题。How to interpret the nature of space is a significant topic in both our daily life and philosophy;for example,philosophers tend to argue whether space is a kind of reality,or whether it is merely a relation between objects,and so on.As a metaphysical view and with its unique theoretical implications,Existence Monism has encountered various difficulties in its interpretation of some fundamental concepts,including space,because the distinctions or differences implied by space are difficult to reconcile with the only“One”asserted by Existence Monists.This paper scrutinizes three quite similar but different kinds of Existence Monism in F.H.Bradley's philosophy,Nishida Kitarō's philosophy,and Advaita Vedānta,and then analyzes the interpretations of the nature of space within their theoretical frameworks,pointing out the weaknesses of these interpretations respectively:Bradley fails to use the concept of“contradiction”consistently,and his argument is suspicious of circularity;Nishida has difficulty in rationally explaining how the Absolute“Nothing”can give rise to“something”,and Advaita Vedānta cannot coherently shed light on whether“Brahman”and the world are equivalent or not.On the basis of these inquiries,the paper attempts to summarize some weaknesses of Existence Monism itself,concluding that it is fundamentally unable to deal with the contradiction between the“One”and the“many”.Such a comparative investigation will help us to transcend cultural and historical differences,gaining a deeper understanding of the common problems faced by different kinds of philosophies.

关 键 词：空间 存在一元论 布拉德雷 西田几多郎 不二论吠檀多 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]