中美猪肉产品贸易竞争力实证分析  

Empirical Analysis of the Trade Competitiveness of Sino-US Pork Products

作　　者：林惠敏 刘柳锋 LIN Huimin;LIU Liufeng(The Open University of Quanzhou,Quanzhou Fujian 362000,China;Liming Vocational University,Quanzhou Fujian 362000,China)

机构地区：[1]泉州开放大学,福建泉州362000 [2]黎明职业大学,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《现代畜牧科技》2024年第6期152-155,共4页Modern Animal Husbandry Science & Technology

基　　金：黎明职业大学人文社科课题“基于省域视角的跨境电商发展分析”(LR202410)。

摘　　要：猪肉是我国居民主要肉类食品,其消费比重在所有肉类中位居首位。中国是全球最大的猪肉生产国、消费国和进口国,美国是全球第三大猪肉生产国、第二大猪肉出口国,同时,美国也是中国猪肉进口第二大来源国。中国猪肉进口以鲜或冷藏或冻猪肉、猪杂两大类为主,猪肉供给受非洲猪瘟和新冠疫情影响波动加大,猪肉价格随市场供给波动大。美国猪肉进口和出口均以鲜或冷藏或冷冻猪肉为主,猪肉产业相对成熟,养殖规模和饲料成本相对稳定,使得美国猪肉供给和价格波动较为平缓。通过计算中美猪肉贸易的显示性比较优势指数和贸易互补性指数发现,中国猪肉在国际市场上竞争力很弱,中国对猪肉出口贸易带来的效益不足,而美国呈现较强的国际竞争力,其猪肉出口带来的效益较大。我国应加强部门监管和市场监测、完善储备肉管理制度、优化进口来源与产品结构,保障猪肉生产与供给,促进猪肉产业健康发展。Pork is the main meat food for Chinese residents,and its consumption proportion ranks the first among all meat.China is the world's largest producer,consumer,and importer of pork,while the United States is the world's third largest pork producer and second largest pork exporter.At the same time,the United States is also the second largest source of pork imports from China.China's pork imports are mainly fresh or refrigerated or frozen pork and pig offal.The pork supply fluctuates greatly under the influence of African swine fever and the COVID-19,and the pork price fluctuates greatly with the market supply.The import and export of pork in the United States are mainly fresh or refrigerated or frozen pork.The pork industry is relatively mature,and the scale of breeding and feed costs are relatively stable,which makes the supply and price fluctuations of pork in the United States relatively stable.By calculating the display comparative advantage index and trade complementarity index of Sino-US pork trade,it is found that the competitiveness of China's pork in the international market is very weak,and the benefits brought by China's pork export trade are insufficient,while the United States shows strong international competitiveness,and its pork export brings great benefits.Therefore,China should strengthen departmental supervision and market monitoring,improve the management system of reserve meat,optimize import sources and product structure,ensure pork production and supply,and promote the healthy development of the pork industry.

关 键 词：猪肉产品 中美贸易 竞争力 贸易互补性 

分 类 号：F752.7[经济管理—国际贸易]