闽语蟹摄开口四等齐韵字的读音层次——兼与南部吴语比较  

On the Pronunciation Strata of the MC Qi齐Final as the 4^(th) Division of the Kaikou开口 Final in Xie蟹Final Group in Min Dialects:With a Comparison with Southern Wu Dialects

作　　者：施俊 SHI Jun

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,金华

出　　处：《方言》2024年第2期137-151,共15页Dialect

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“吴闽方言韵母读音层次比较研究”(18BYY055)的资助。

摘　　要：本文指出闽语蟹摄开口四等齐韵字共有四个层次,其中层次I读如哈韵及止摄脂微韵,层次II读如止摄,层次III读如蟹摄二等韵,层次IV大多为[i]及其变体,南部吴语对应闽语层次I和层次IV。早期层次对应说明南部吴语和闽语具有共同的底层,南部吴语缺少闽语中间的两层,说明两者有着较为明显的区别。层次IV的对应说明该层的扩散具有较强覆盖性,其不同变体则体现创新音变的区域性,闽东的[]多有两类音变,一是以调类为条件的条件音变,另一类是词汇扩散式的裂化音变,南部吴语各片没有同时兼有这两类音变的;南部吴语瓯江片[i]在不同声母组下发生条件音变,而闽语各片无此类音变,这是异的方面。闽北片大多是[i]及[ie]的变体,[ie]是词汇扩散式的后裂化音变,南部吴语上丽片亦是如此,而闽南片、莆仙等地[i]无变体,南部吴语金衢片大多不变,这是同的方面。There are four pronunciation strata of the MC Qi齐final as the 4h division of the Kaikou开口final in Xie蟹final group in Min dialects,among which the stratum I is pronounced as those of MC Hai哈final and Zhiwei脂微final of the Zhi止final group,the stratum II is pronounced as the MC Zhi止final group,the stratum III is pronounced as those of the 2nd division of MC Xie final group,and the stratum IV is mostly pronounced[i]and its variants.The pronunciation in Southern Wu dialects corresponds to the strata I and IV.The early stratum correspondence shows that there is a common bottom stratum between Southern Wu and Min dialects but they also have obvious differences because of the lack of strata II and III in Wu group.The correspondence of stratum IV indicates that the diffusion of this stratum has strong coverage,while its dfferent variants show the regional innovations in pronunciation involvement.There are two types of the pronunciation variations of[i]in Eastern Min dialects.One is the variant conditioned by the tone and the other is cracked pronunciation variation by the lexical diffusion.However,it should be noted that the two pronunciation variations do not co-exist in Southern Wu dialects.The conditional pronunciation variation of[i]in Oujiang cluster with different initials has not been found in any Min dialects.The Northern Min dialects have variants[i]and[ie],which is cracked pronunciation variation by the lexical diffusion.Wu dialects of Shangli cluster follow this pattern,while dialects of Southern Min cluster and Puxian dialects of Min and Jinqu cluster of Wu do not,which constitutes similarity between them.

关 键 词：闽语 南部吴语 蟹摄开口四等齐韵 读音层次 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语]